CITIZENSHIP

By:
- Gheorghe Andrei
- Spînu Eusebiu
 WHAT IS CITIZENSHIP?

• Citizenship is a relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes
allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection.
• Each state determines the conditions under which it will recognize persons as its citizens, and the
conditions under which that status will be withdrawn. Recognition by a state as a citizen generally
carries with it recognition of civil, political, and social rights which are not afforded to non-citizens.
• In general, the basic rights normally regarded as arising from citizenship are the right to a
passport, the right to leave and return to the country/ies of citizenship, the right to live in that
country and to work there.
• Some countries permit their citizens to have multiple citizenships, while others insist on exclusive
allegiance. A person who does not have citizenship of any state is said to be stateless, while one
who lives on state borders whose territorial status is uncertain is a border-lander.
 Determining factors
• A person can be recognized or granted citizenship on a number of bases. Usually citizenship based on
circumstances of birth is automatic, but an application may be required.

• Citizenship by family (jus sanguinis). If one or both of a person's parents are citizens of a given state, then the
person may have the right to be a citizen of that state as well. Formerly this might only have applied through the
paternal line, but sex equality became common since the late twentieth century. Citizenship is granted based on
ancestry or ethnicity and is related to the concept of a nation state common in Europe. Where jus sanguinis
holds, a person born outside a country, one or both of whose parents are citizens of the country, is also a citizen.
Some states (United Kingdom, Canada) limit the right to citizenship by descent to a certain number of
generations born outside the state; others (Germany, Ireland, Switzerland) grant citizenship only if each new
generation is registered with the relevant foreign mission within a specified deadline; while others (France, Italy)
have no limitation on the number of generations born abroad who can claim citizenship of their ancestors'
country. This form of citizenship is common in civil law countries.
• Citizenship by birth(jus soli). Some people are automatically citizens of the state in
which they are born. This form of citizenship originated in England, where those who
were born within the realm were subjects of the monarch (a concept pre-dating
citizenship) and is common in common law countries. Most countries in the Americas
grant unconditional jus soli citizenship, while it has been limited or abolished in
almost all other countries.
• In many cases, both jus soli and jus sanguinis hold citizenship either by place or
parentage (or both).
• Citizenship by marriage (jus matrimonii). Many countries fast-track naturalization
based on the marriage of a person to a citizen. Countries which are destinations for
such immigration often have regulations to try to detect sham marriages, where a
citizen marries a non-citizen typically for payment, without them having the intention
of living together. Many countries (United Kingdom, Germany, United States, Canada)
allow citizenship by marriage only if the foreign spouse is a permanent resident of the
country in which citizenship is sought; others (Switzerland, Luxembourg) allow foreign
spouses of expatriate citizens to obtain citizenship after a certain period of marriage,
and sometimes also subject to language skills and proof of cultural integration (e.g.
regular visits to the spouse's country of citizenship).
• Naturalization. States normally grant citizenship to people who have entered the country
legally and been granted permit to stay, or been granted political asylum, and also lived
there for a specified period. In some countries, naturalization is subject to conditions which
may include passing a test demonstrating reasonable knowledge of the language or way of
life of the host country, good conduct (no serious criminal record) and moral character (such
as drunkenness, or gambling, or an understanding of the nature of drunkenness, or
gambling) vowing allegiance to their new state or its ruler and renouncing their prior
citizenship. Some states allow dual citizenship and do not require naturalized citizens to
formally renounce any other citizenship.
• Citizenship by investment or Economic Citizenship. Wealthy people invest money in
property or businesses, buy government bonds or simply donate cash directly, in exchange
for citizenship and a passport. Whilst legitimate and usually limited in quota, the schemes
are controversial. Costs for citizenship by investment range from as little as $100,000
(£74,900) to as much as €2.5m (£2.19m)
• Excluded categories. In the past there have been exclusions on entitlement to citizenship on
grounds such as skin color, ethnicity, sex, and free status (not being a slave). Most of these
exclusions no longer apply in most places. Modern examples include some Arab countries
which rarely grant citizenship to non-Muslims, e.g. Qatar is known for granting citizenship to
foreign athletes, but they all have to profess the Islamic faith in order to receive citizenship.
The United States grants citizenship to those born as a result of reproductive technologies,
and internationally adopted children born after February 27, 1983. Some exclusions still
persist for internationally adopted children born before February 27, 1983, even though their
parents meet citizenship criteria.
 4 Ways to Become a U.S. Citizen

• Applying for a green card is the most common way most people begin
the process of becoming a United States citizen. Citizenship through
naturalization is the most common way immigrants become U.S.
citizens. 
• This list of the four main ways to obtain U.S. citizenship will help you
determine which route is the best choice for your situation:
• Citizenship through Naturalization
• Citizenship Through Marriage
• Citizenship Through Parents
• Citizenship Through the Military
 What Are the U.S. Citizenship Requirements for Naturalization?

• There are different paths to citizenship by naturalization, but there are some general requirements that apply in most situations.
If you want to qualify to be a US citizen, in the majority of cases, you will need to meet these basic qualifications:
• With certain exceptions that are based on the applicant’s age, you will need to be able to demonstrate that you can speak, read,
and write using basic English.
• You must show that you are a person of good moral character and that you have been for at least five years prior to the date
when you filed Form N-400.
• You must be at least 18 years old when you submit Form N-400.
• You must be able to prove that you were a lawfully admitted and continuous US resident for at least five years before you
applied for citizenship.
• You must prove that you were physically present in the US for at least 30 months during that time.
• You must prove that you lived for at least three months in the same state or USCIS district over the branch of USCIS that has
jurisdiction over where you live. Depending on where you live, your application will either go to the Nebraska or Texas service
centers.
• You must show that you know and understand how the US government works and the fundamentals of our history.
• You must demonstrate that you have a personal attachment to these fundamentals, which involves showing that you accept our
democratic process and will obey our laws.
• You must take an Oath of Allegiance to the United States.
 Video

•https://youtu.be/3VMj2VqrzL0
Bibliografie
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenship
• https://www.fileright.com/blog/4-ways-to-become-a-u-s-citizen/?utm
_campaign=&utm_term=_b&utm_source=c&gclid=Cj0KCQjwnoqLBhD
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pz3hyUaAskTEALw_wcB
• https://www.whatpassport.com/countries/United-
Kingdom/Passport_and_Nationality/British_Citizenship?
&campaignid=307753353&adgroupid=35467930553&network=g&cre
ative=142355244905&keyword=how%20to%20have%20british
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ARIsAL5JedJc_ugzKm3k8sh5-9smmJquwH5ssb3R8v5zhDHs6IDTg-
hz4ayyFfUaAm9oEALw_wcB