Risk Study of the Relationship Between Contractor

and Subcontractor as the Factor of Delay in

Construction Projects

Muhammad Iqbal Prasojo - 1701363912

civil-eng.binus.ac.id civengbinus
Preliminaries
• Background

• Problem Identification

• Research Objectives & Benefits

• Scope of Research
Background
 Enshassi, et al., (2012), stated that disharmony in the
construction implementation team actually resulted
Problem from disputes between contractors and
Identification subcontractors.

Construction implementers must have Different in reality; it does not always run Resulting an unstable progress that
a good relationship smoothly on field costs the whole project
Previous Research
No Previous Research Year
 
1 Major Causes of Problems Between Contractors and Subcontractors in the Gaza Strip  2012

2 The General Contractor – Subcontractor Relationship: The General Contractor’s View  2008

3 The Significant Factors Causing Delay of Building Construction in Malaysia  2007

4 Improving the Main Contractor – Subcontractor Relationship Through Partnering on Construction Projects  2015

Relationship Between Main Contractors and Subcontractors and Their Impacts on Main Contractor Competitiveness: An
5 2017
Empirical Study in Hong Kong 

Analisis Faktor – faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kontraktor Utama dalam Pemilihan Sub-kontraktor pada Pelaksanaan Proyek
6 2015
Konstruksi 

Analisis Faktor – Faktor Pengaruh yang Mempengaruhi Kontraktor Utama dalam Pemilihan Subkontraktor pada Pelaksanaan
7 2018
Proyek Konstruksi 

Kajian Terhadap Resiko Kualitas Hubungan Kontraktual Antara Kontraktor Dan Subkontraktor Berkaitan Dengan Pekerjaan
8 2013
Spesialis Pada Proyek Konstruksi 

9 Analisis Pengaruh Konflik Dalam Pelaksanaan Konstruksi Terhadap Kesuksesan Proyek  2012

10 Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Rework Pada Pekerjaan Konstruksi  2005

 Enshassi, et al., (2012), stated that disharmony in the
construction implementation team actually resulted
Problem from disputes between contractors and
Identification subcontractors.

Construction implementers must have Different in reality; it does not always run Resulting an unstable progress that
a good relationship smoothly on field costs the whole project
 Supriyadi (2014) explained that a harmonious
cooperation relationship is something that is
Research Objectives dreamed of by all construction parties because it
brings big success

To find problem factors & dominant To find the comparison of factors in domestic Resulting a much stable progress
factors that often occur and mostly found and foreign countries’ construction project & that brings big success
Preventive Measures
 Benefits

As a source of information
As an input and suggestion As a reference
for companies to use
Scope of Research
• Used data that are taken from 50 trusted
international and national journals, scientific
articles, dissertations and media

• Focuses on aspects of the relationship between

contractors and subcontractors

• Used general construction projects as research

target
Terminologies
Scope of Research
• Basic Theories
• Project Construction
• Construction Implementors
• Contractor
• Subcontractor
• Relationship of Two Parties
• General Problems
• Problem’s Impact
• Qualitative Research
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
• Research Phases
• Research Outcome
Research Phases
Research Outcome
• Problem Factors & Dominant Factors are
Identified

• Comparison of Factors in Domestic & Foreign

Countries are found

• Preventive Measure is Developed 

DATA ANALYSIS
• Desk Study

• Data Analysis

• Preventive Measure

• Data Validation 
Desk Study
Data Collecting
 Deskripsi Data

Penulis Ojo Stephen Okunlola

The Effect of Contractor-Subcontractor Relationship on

Desk Study
Judul
Construction Duration in Nigeria

Jenis Penelitian Kualitatif

Data Description Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk menentukan penyebab dari

Tujuan Penelitian hubungan regangan ini dalam konteks Nigeria dan sejauh
mana durasi proyek ini.

Data Penelitian Kuisioner

Survei kuesioner dikirim ke lima puluhkontraktor utama

yang dipilih dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dan
Metode Penelitian lima puluh sub-kontraktor dipilih secara acak dengan syarat
telah mengerjakan proyek yang sama di Negara Bagian
Lagos, Nigeria.

Variabel Finansial, ketidakpatuhan pada jadwal konstruksi,

Penelitian multilayer subcontracting , kualitas kerja
Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa, kontraktor utama
memandang keterlambatan pekerjaan dan mengabaikan
instruksi kontraktor utama sebagai penyebab utama
Hasil Penelitian masalah interface yang disebabkan oleh subkontraktor.
Sementara sub-kontraktor memandang menyerahkan
sebagian pekerjaan kepada sub-kontraktor lain tanpa
memberitahu kontraktor asli dan masalah keuangan
Faktor internal: permasalahan keuangan kontraktor,
pelaksana konstruksi tidak mengerjakan item pekerjaan,
Faktor yang
sesuai jadwal sub-kontraktor memandang menyerahkan
Ditemukan
sebagian pekerjaan kepada sub-kontraktor lain tanpa
memberitahu kontraktor asli
Data Normalization
Faktor Internal Faktor Eksternal

No. Peneliti Perubahan harga Perubahan

Ketidakpatuhan
Procuremen Prolonged Multilayer Pengelolaan dan Kualitas Lack of Lack of Pengalihan Praktik Profesionalitas Masalah Kontrak Peraturan
Komunikasi Finansial Koordinasi pada Jadwal Revisi Perencanaan Penjadwalan Tenaga Kerja material dan tenaga Lingkungan
t Dispute Subcontracting Supervisi kerja Trust Experience Pekerjaan Kecurangan Pekerja Kerja dan UU
Konstruksi kerja yang tak terduga Pemerintah

1 Oetomo, 2015 ü ü
Indra Saputra,
2
dkk, 2017 ü
Lendra & Andi,
3
2006 ü ü ü
Tanuwijaya &
4
Sekarsari, 2018 ü
5 Hassan, 2016 ü
Januardi &
6
Pribadi, 2020 ü ü
Listanto &
7 Hardjomuljadi, ü ü ü
2018

8 Susoko, 2019 ü ü
Mudzvokorwa,
Mwiya &
9
Mwanaumo, ü ü
2020
Enshassi, Arain
10
& Tayeh, 2009 ü ü
11 Jin, dkk, 2013 ü
Kale & Arditi,
12
2010 ü
Enshassi &
13
Medoukh, 2008 ü
Abdull Rahman,
14
dkk., 2013 ü ü ü ü
Manu, dkk.,
15
2015 ü
Abdull Rahman,
16
dkk., 2013 ü ü
Data Analysis – Combined Data (Domestic &
Foreign Countries’ Construction Project)
Faktor Internal Faktor Eksternal
19 3.5
20

3
3
18

2.5
16

14 2
2
14

11 1.5
12

1
10

1
8
7
8

0.5
6 6 6
5 5 5 5 5
6

0
4 4
4

2 Perubahan harga material dan tenaga kerja yang tak terduga

1 1 1 Lingkungan
2

Perubahan Peraturan dan UU Pemerintah

0

Komunikasi Finansial Koordinasi

Procurement Prolonged Dispute Ketidakpatuhan pada Jadwal Konstruksi
Revisi Multilayer Subcontracting Pengelolaan dan Supervisi
Perencanaan Kualitas kerja Lack of Trust
Lack of Experience Pengalihan Pekerjaan Penjadwalan
Praktik Kecurangan Tenaga Kerja Profesionalitas Pekerja
Masalah Kontrak Kerja
 Data Analysis – Internal Factor
Faktor Internal – Dalam Negeri Faktor Internal – Luar Negeri
13
12

14
10

12
10

10
8

8
6
6

6
4 4 4 4
4 4 4
3 3
4

3 3 3 3 3

4
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
2

1 1 1

2
0 0 0 0 0
0

0
a. Komunikasi k. Kualitas Kerja
b. Finansial l. Lack of Trust
c. Koordinasi m. Lack of Experience
d. Procurement n. Pengalihan Pekerjaan
e. Prolonged Dispute o. Penjadwalan
f. Ketidakpatuhan pada Jadwal Konstruksi p. Praktik Kecurangan
g. Revisi q. Tenaga Kerja
h. Multilayer Subcontracting r. Profesionalitas Pekerja
i. Pengelolaan dan Supervisi s. Masalah Kontrak Kerja
j. Perencanaan
Data Analysis – External Factor

Faktor Eksternal – Dalam Negeri Faktor Eksternal – Luar Negeri

1.2 3.5
1 3
1 3

2.5
0.8
2
2
0.6
1.5
0.4
1
0.2 0.5
0 0 0
0 0

a. Perubahan Harga Alat dan Material yang Tak Terduga

b. Lingkungan
c. Perubahan Peraturan dan Perundang-undangan Pemerintah
Data Analysis – Comparison Result
Faktor Permasalahan
Kelompok
Internal Eksternal

Perubahan Harga Alat &

Material yang Tak Terduga
Komunikasi (19),
(3), Lingkungan (2),
Gabungan Finansial (14),
Perubahan Peraturan &
Procurement (11)
Perundang-undangan
Pemerintah (1)

Procurement (6), Perubahan Peraturan &

Dalam Negeri Finansial (8), Perundang-undangan
Komunikasi (10) Pemerintah (1)

Komunikasi (13), Perubahan Harga Alat &

Luar Negeri Finansial (6), Lack of Material yang Tak Terduga
Trust (5) (3), Lingkungan (2)
Data Validation – Interview to 2 Experts
Ahli 1
Hari/Tanggal Kamis, 14 Januari 2021
Waktu 13.30 WIB
Media Aplikasi WhatsApp
Nama Narasumber Bapak Aulia Rachman
Jabatan Project Manager

Ahli 2
Hari/Tanggal Kamis, 14 Januari 2021
Waktu 20.45 WIB
Media Aplikasi WhatsApp
Nama Narasumber Bapak Sugiarto
Jabatan Deputy General Superintendent
Preventive Measure

The act communication project construction must

Communication meet the needs of both parties

Anticipations on financial & risk forecasting to

Financial create Paying Schedule & System

Creating Procurement Strategy especially on

Procurement Operations & Logistics Department
 CONCLUSIONS
1. Problem Factors
Internal Factors:
• Communication • Planning
• Finance • Quality of Work
• Coordination • Lack of Trust
• Procurement • Lack of Experience
• Prolonged Dispute • Job Transferring
• Non-compliance with Construction • Scheduling
schedules • Cheating Practices
• Revisions • Number of Workers
• Design Changes • Worker Professionalism
• Multilayer Subcontracting • Work Contract Issues
• Management and Supervision
External Factors
• Unexpected Changes in Prices for Equipment and Materials
• Environment
• Changes in Government Regulations and Legislation.
 3. Comparison Result Between Domestic
2. Dominant
& Foreign Countries’ Construction
Factors
Faktor Permasalahan
Projects
Faktor Permasalahan
Kelompok Kelompok
Internal Eksternal Internal Eksternal
Perubahan Harga Alat &
Material yang Tak Terduga Procurement (6), Perubahan Peraturan &
Komunikasi (19), Dalam Negeri Finansial (8), Perundang-undangan
(3), Lingkungan (2),
Gabungan Finansial (14),
Perubahan Peraturan & Komunikasi (10) Pemerintah (1)
Procurement (11)
Perundang-undangan
Pemerintah (1)

Komunikasi (13), Perubahan Harga Alat &

Luar Negeri Finansial (6), Lack of Material yang Tak Terduga
Trust (5) (3), Lingkungan (2)
4. Preventive Measures

• Arranging meeting regularly using two ways communication

between parties

• All parties involved must receive MoM

• Only responsible staff that are being delegated to

communicate

• The paying party is obligated to organize paying schedule &

system

• Creating the most suitable Procurement Strategy

• Inputting risk values to each unit price value

SUGGESTIONS
For Institution

• Creating a strong organization project & successful principle

• Applying the most suitable communication way
• Enacting paying schedule & system
• Strengthen Supply chain Sector
• Avoiding trust issues between parties
• Upgrading management and supervision on field

For Upcoming Research

• Suggesting to expand & enrich literature study

• As a reference