GERAK

RELATIF
 Relative Motion in One Dimension
• When two frames of reference A and B are moving
relative to each other at constant velocity, the velocity of
a particle P as measured by an observer in frame A
usually differs from that measured from frame B. The two
measured velocities are related by

where is the velocity of B with respect to A. Both

observers measure the same acceleration for the particle:
Relative Motion in One Dimension

Alex (frame A) and Barbara (frame B) watch car P, as both B and

P move at different velocities along the common x axis of the two
frames. At the instant shown, XBA is the coordinate of B in the A
frame. Also, P is at coordinate XPB in the B frame and coordinate
XPA = XPB + XBA in the A frame.
Relative Motion in One Dimension
Suppose that Alex (at the origin of frame A in Figure) is
parked by the side of a highway, watching car P (the
“particle”) speed past. Barbara (at the origin of frame B)
is driving along the highway at constant speed and is
also watching car P. Suppose that they both measure
the position of the car at a given moment. From Figure
we see that

Taking the time derivative of Equation above, we obtain

Relative Motion in One Dimension

Thus, the velocity components are related by

To relate an acceleration of P as measured by Barbara

and by Alex, we take the time derivative
Relative Motion in Two Dimensions
 
Our two observers are again watching a moving particle P
from the origins of reference frames A and B, while B
moves at a constant velocity relative to A.

 
Frame B has the constant two-dimensional velocity relative to frame A. The position vector of B
relative to A is .The position vectors of particle P are relative to A and relative to B.
Relative Motion in Two Dimensions

From the arrangement of heads and tails of those three

position vectors, we can relate the vectors with

By taking the time derivative of this equation,

Contoh soal
  Fig. 4-20a, a plane moves
In
due east while the pilot points
the plane somewhat south of
east, toward a steady wind that
blows to the northeast. The
plane has velocity relative to
the wind, with an airspeed
(speed relative to the wind) of
215 km/h, directed at angle 
south of east. The wind has
velocity relative to the ground
with speed 65.0 km/h, directed
20.0° east of north. What is
the magnitude
of the velocity of the plane
relative to the ground,
and what is ?