HYPERTENSION AND

ANEURYSM

PRESENTER – DR. NAYANA RAO

7-9-2020
10AM-11AM
HYPERTENSION
DEFINITION

 Blood pressure of >130/80 – ACC/AHA

 A condition where the pressure exerted by
blood on vessel wall is >130mm Hg during
systole and >80mm Hg during diastole.
HYPERTENSION

 Common problem (25% of population)

 Asymptomatic until late
 Contributes to coronary artery disease, stroke,
cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure
 Mechanisms largely unknown - called
“essential hypertension”
CLASSIFICATION

Hypertension

Essential
Secondary hypertension

Renal Cardio
Endocrine Neurologic
vascular
ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

 Idiopathic! But probably related to…

 Reduced renal sodium excretion
 Vascular changes
 Genetic factors
 Environmental factors
RENAL CAUSES

 Acute glomerulonephritis
 Chronic renal disease
 Polycystic disease
 Renal artery stenosis
 Renal vasculitis
 Renin producing tumors
ENDOCRINE

 Adrenocortical hyperfunction
 Exogenous hormones
 Pheochromocytoma
 Acromegaly
 Hypothyroidism
 Hyperthyroidism
 Pregnancy
CARDIO VASCULAR

 Coarctation of Aorta
 Polyarteritis nodosa
 Increased intravascular volume
 Increased cardiac output
 Rigidity of Aorta
NEUROLOGIC

 Psychogenic
 Increased intracranial pressure
 Sleep apnea
 Acute stress
EFFECTS ON VARIOUS ORGANS
Click to add text
ANEURYSM

Definition

 Localized abnormal vessel dilation

CAUSES

 Atherosclerosis
 Cystic medial degeneration of wall
 Trauma
 Congenital defects (berry aneurysm)
 Infection (mycotic aneurysms)
TYPES

 “True” aneurysm: involves all three layers

 “False” aneurysm: hole covered with
hematoma
TYPES
TYPES
COMPLICATIONS
THANK YOU