TOPIC

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT (ENTHALPY) OF

REACTION: -
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT (ENTHALPY) OF REACTION: -

The heat or enthalpy changes accompanying chemical reactions are expressed in

different ways, depending on the nature of the reaction. These are discussed below.
Heat of Formation
Heat of Solution
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Vaporization
Heat of Sublimation
Heat of Transition
Heat of Combustion
Heat of Neutralisation
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT
(ENTHALPY) OF REACTION: -
Heat of Formation: -
The heat formation of a compound is defined as.
The change in enthalpy that takes place when one mole of the compound is formed
from its elements is called heat of formation.
It is denoted by ∆Hf . For example, the heat of formation of ferrous sulphide and
acetylene may be expressed as :
Fe (s) + S(s) → FeS(s) ∆Hf = – 24.0 kcal
2C(s) + H2 (g) → C2 H2(g) ∆Hf = + 53.14 kcal
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT
(ENTHALPY) OF REACTION: -
Heat of Solution: -
The change in enthalpy when one mole of a substance is dissolved in a specified
quantity of solvent at a given temperature.
The heat of solution is the change in enthalpy when one mole of a substance is
dissolved in a solvent so that further dilution does not give any change in enthalpy.
The heat of solution can also be expressed as :
KCl(s) + H2 O(l) → KCl(aq) ∆H = – 4.4 kcal
MgSO4(s) + H2O(l) → MgSO4(aq) ∆H = – 20.28 kcal
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT
(ENTHALPY) OF REACTION: -

Heat of Fusion: -
It is defined as : The heat change (or enthalpy change) when one mole of a solid substance is converted into
the liquid state at its melting point.
As an example, we can take the melting of one mole of ice at its melting point, 0ºC or 273 K. The process
can be represented as:
H2 O(s) → H2 O(l) ∆H = + 1.43 kcal
Ice Water
Greater the heat of fusion of a substance higher the magnitude of intermolecular forces.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT
(ENTHALPY) OF REACTION: -
Heat of vapourisation: -
The heat of vapourisation is defined as : The heat change (or enthalpy change)
when one mole of liquid is converted into vapour or gaseous state at its boiling point.
For example, when one mole of water is converted into steam at 100ºC or 373 K, the
heat absorbed is 9.71 kcal which is the heat of vapourisation of water. The change can
be represented as :

H2 O(l) → H2 O(g) ∆H = + 9.71 kcal

Water Steam
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT
(ENTHALPY) OF REACTION: -
Heat of Sublimation: -
Heat of Sublimation is defined as : The heat change (or enthalpy change) when one
mole of a solid is directly converted into the gaseous state at a temperature below its
melting point.
Sublimation is a process when a solid changes directly into gaseous state without
changing into liquid state. It occurs at a temperature below the melting point of the
solid.
For example, the heat of sublimation of iodine is 14.92 kcal mol–1. It can be
represented as:
I 2 (s) → I 2(g) ∆H = + 14.92 kcal
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT
(ENTHALPY) OF REACTION: -
Heat of Transition: -
The heat of transition is defined as : The change in enthalpy which occurs when
one mole of an element changes from one allotropic form to another.
For example, the transition of diamond into amorphous carbon may be represented as:

C →C ∆H = + 3.3 kcal
Diamond Amorphous
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT
(ENTHALPY) OF REACTION: -
Heat of Combustion: -
The heat of combustion of a substance is defined as : The change in enthalpy of a
system when one mole of the substance is completely burnt in excess of air or oxygen.
It is denoted by ∆Hc . As for example, heat of combustion of methane is – 21.0 kcal (=
87.78 kJ) as shown by the equation:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O(l) ∆Hc = – 21.0 kcal
It should be noted clearly that the heat of combustion of a substance (∆Hc ) is always
negative. Heat energy is evolved during the process of combustion i.e., ∆Hc = – ve.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEAT
(ENTHALPY) OF REACTION: -
Heat of Neutralisation: -
The heat of neutralisation is defined as : The change in heat content (enthalpy) of the
system when one gram equivalent of an acid is neutralised by one gram equivalent of a base
or vice versa in dilute solution.
The following may be considered as typical examples of the heat of neutralisation.
HNO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l) ∆H = – 13.69 kcal
HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq) → KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) ∆H = – 13.87 kcal
The heat of neutralisation of a strong acid and strong base is –13.7 kcal, no matter which acid
or base is employed.