IC ENGINES

Types of IC Engines
• According to the basic engine design
1. Reciprocating engine
2. Rotary engine
• According to method of ignition
1. Spark ignition engine
2. Compression ignition engine
• According to the number of strokes per cycle
1. Two stroke
2. Four stroke
3. Six stroke
• According to the type of fuel
1. Petrol engine
2. Diesel engine
3. Gas engine
• According to the cycle of operation
1. Otto cycle engine
2. Diesel cycle engine
3. Dual cycle engine
• According to the number of cylinders
1. Single cylinder
2. Multi cylinder
• According to the arrangement of the cylinder
1. Horizontal engine
2. Vertical engine
3. V-shaped engine
4. Radial engine
5. W-shaped engine
• According to the method of cooling
1. Air cooled engine
2. Water cooled engine
 Spark Ignition
• The combustion process of the air-fuel mixture is
ignited by a spark from a spark plug and fuel is burnt
in the combustion chamber.
• It uses Petrol as fuel.
• Compression ratio is less.
 Compression Ignition
• It uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition and
burn the fuel that has been injected into the
combustion chamber.
• It uses Diesel as fuel.
• Compression ratio is more.
 4 Stroke Engine
• Suction Stroke
• Compression Stroke
• Power Stroke
• Exhaust Stroke
 Valves
• There are 2 type of valves - a) Inlet Valve
b) Exhaust Valve
• The valve which allows mixture into the cylinder is
the inlet valve; the one through which the spent gases
escape is the exhaust valve.
• They are designed to open and close at precise
moments, to allow the engine to run efficiently at all
speeds.
• Valve Timing - the valve timing is the precise timing
of the opening and closing of the valves.

The 4-stroke cycle

1 = TDC
2 = BDC
A: Intake 
B: Compression 
C: Power 
D: Exhaust
• Valve Train - It is a device that controls the operation
of the valves, in which a sequence of components
transmits motion throughout the assembly. A
traditional reciprocating internal combustion engine
uses valves to control air and fuel flow into and out of
the cylinders, facilitating combustion.
 Engine Balancing
For complete balancing we have to Balance -

• Rotating Mass
• Reciprocating Mass
• Firing Forces
 Engine Cooling
• Air Cooling

• Oil Cooling

• Water Cooling