SNMP

• SNMP is an application layer protocol that provides a message

format for communication between what are termed managers and
agents
• Components include
• SNMP manager
• SNMP agent
• Management Information Base

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 SNMP Messages
• Get
• Set
• Trap - unreliable
• Trap (SNMPv3 uses ACK) - reliable

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 Elements of Simple Network Management Protocol

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 SNMP in Use for Monitoring the Network

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 SNMP in Use for Monitoring the Network

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 The Management Information Base (MIB)
• MIB defines each variable as an object ID (OID)
• Organizes the into a hierarchy of OIDs, usually shown as a tree
• MIB for any device includes some branches of the tree with variables common to
many networking devices and branches with variables specific to that device.

• Networking equipment vendors like Cisco can define their own private branches of
the tree

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 MIB tree

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 Obtaining MIB value with snmpget

-v2c The version on SNMP in use

-c community The SNMP password, called a community string

10.250.250.14 The IP address of the monitored device

1.3.6.1.4.1.9.2.1.58.0 The numeric object identifier (OID) of the MIB variable

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 Configuring SNMPv2
There are two types of community strings in SNMP Version 2c:
• Read-only (RO): Provides access to the MIB variables, but does not
allow these variables to changed, only read. Because security is so
weak in Version 2c, many organizations only use SNMP in this read-
only mode.
• Read-write (RW): Provides read and write access to all objects in the
MIB.

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 Configuring SNMP Version 2c for Read-Only Access

R1(config)# ip access-list standard ACL_PROTECTSNMP

R1(config-std-nacl)# permit host 10.10.10.101
R1(config-std-nacl)# exit
R1(config)# snmp-server community V011eyB@11!!! RO ACL_PROTECTSNMP
R1(config)# snmp-server location Tampa
R1(config)# snmp-server contact Anthony Sequeira
R1(config)# end
R1#

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 Configuring SNMP Version 2c for Read and Write Access

R2(config)# ip access-list standard ACL_PROTECTSNMP

R2(config-std-nacl)# permit host 10.20.20.201
R2(config-std-nacl)# exit
R2(config)# snmp-server community T3nn1sB@ll RW ACL_PROTECTSNMP
R2(config)# snmp-server location New York
R2(config)# snmp-server contact John Sequeira
R2(config)# end
R2#

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 SNMPv3
• Message integrity: This helps ensure that a packet has not been
tampered with in transit
• Authentication: This helps ensure that the packet came from a
known and trusted source
• Encryption: This helps to ensure that information cannot be read if
the data is captured in transit

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 Possible Security modes of SNMPv3

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 Syslog
• Syslog permits various Cisco devices (and some other non-Cisco
devices) to send their system messages across the network to syslog
servers
• You can even build a special out-of-band (OOB) network for this
purpose
• There are many different Syslog server software packages for
Windows and UNIX

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 Popular destinations for syslog messages
• The logging buffer (RAM inside the router or switch)
• The console line
• The terminal lines
• A syslog server

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 Syslogging in the Network

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 System Message Format

• A timestamp: *Dec 18 17:10:15.079

• The facility on the router that generated the message: %LINEPROTO
• The severity level: 5
• A mnemonic for the message: UPDOWN
• The description of the message: Line protocol on Interface
FastEthernet0/0, changed state to down

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 Modifying System Messages

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 System Message Severity Levels

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 Configuring and Verifying Syslog
• R1(config)#logging 192.168.1.101
• R1(config)#logging trap 4
• By default, Cisco routers and switches send log messages
for all severity levels to the console. On some IOS versions,
the device also buffers those log messages by default
• R1(config)# logging console
• R1(config)# logging buffered
• R1# show logging
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 References
• Wendell Odom, "Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-
101 Official Cert Guide", Cisco Press, May 14, 2013.

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 Thank you!

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