GAMETOGENESIS

INTRODUCTION
• An organism undergoes a series of changes throughout its
life cycle.
• Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis), plays a
crucial role in humans to support the continuance of
generations.
• Gametogenesis is the process of division of diploid cells to
produce new haploid cells.
• In humans, two different types of gametes
are present.
• Male gametes are called sperm and female
gametes are called the ovum.
• Spermatogenesis: Sperm formation
• Oogenesis: Ovum formatiion  
GAMETOGENESIS

• The process involved in the maturation of

the two highly specialized cells,
spermatozoon in male and ovum in female
before they unite to form zygote, is called
gametogenesis.
Spermatogenesis: Sperm formation

Oogenesis:
Ovum formation
SPERMATOGENESIS
SPERMATOGENESIS

• The process involved in the development of

spermatids from the primordial male germ cells
and their differentiation into spermatozoa is called
spermatogenesis.
• Shortly before puberty, the primordial germ cells develop
into spermatogonia and remain in the wall of seminiferous
tubules.
• The spermatogonia, in turn, differentiate into primary
spermatocytes which remain in the stage of prophase of
the first meiotic division for a long time (about 16 days).
• Each spermatocyte contains 22 pairs of autosomes and 1
pair of sex chromosomes, named “XY”.
• With the completion of the first meiotic division, two
secondary spermatocytes are formed having equal share of
cytoplasm and haploid number of chromosomes either 23,
X or 23, Y.
• Then immediately follows the second meiotic
division (homotypical) with the formation of four
spermatids, each containing haploid number of
chromosomes, two with 23, X and two with 23, Y.
• Immediately after their formation, extensive
morphological differentiation of the spermatids
occurs without further cell division to convert them
into spermatozoa.
• The process is called spermiogenesis.
• In man, the time required for a spermatogonium to
develop into a mature spermatozoon is about 61 days.
Spermiogenesis Spermatocytogenesis
HORMONAL REGULATION
IN MALE
OOGENESIS
• In the female gonads, the germ cells undergo a
number of rapid mitotic divisions and differentiate
into oogonia.
• At birth, there is no more mitotic division and all
the oogonia are replaced by primary oocytes
which have finished the prophase of the first
meiotic division and remain in resting phase
(dictyotene stage) between prophase and
metaphase.
• The primary oocyte undergoes first meiotic
division giving rise to secondary oocyte and one
polar body.
• The two are of unequal size, the secondary oocyte
contains haploid number of chromosomes (23, X),
but nearly all the cytoplasm and the small polar
body also contains half of the chromosomes (23,
X) but with scanty cytoplasm.
• Ovulation occurs soon after the formation of the
secondary oocyte.
• The secondary oocyte completes the second
meiotic division (homotypical) only after
fertilization by the sperm in the Fallopian tube and
results in the formation of two unequal daughter
cells, each possessing 23 chromosomes (23, X),
the larger one is called the mature ovum and the
smaller one is the second polar body containing
the same number of chromosomes.
• The first polar body may also undergo the second
meiotic division. In the absence of fertilization,
the secondary oocyte does not complete the
second meiotic division and degenerates as such.