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• Metal matrix composites are advanced engineered materials display improved strength, lightweight, superior
wear and creep resistance, excellent damping and reduced thermal expansion which makes them suitable for a
wide range of applications in transportation, cutting tools, consumer electronics, defense, space, aerospace,
marine, and packaging industries. 
• They are produced by dispersing reinforcement into a continuous metallic or alloy matrix.
• Suitable structural metal matrix are reinforced with high-performance reinforcements to improve the
mechanical, microstructural, corrosion and other properties of the matrix.
• Reinforcing material can be ceramic or metallic in the form of particles, fibers, whiskers, or even sheet metal. It
is a hard and strong phase. It can be continuous or discontinuous.
• The reinforcement surface can be coated to prevent a chemical reaction with the matrix. For example, carbon
fibers are commonly used in aluminum matrix to synthesize composites showing low density and high strength.
However, carbon reacts with aluminum to generate a brittle and water-soluble compound on the surface of the
fiber. To prevent this reaction, the carbon fibers are typically coated with nickel, titanium boride, or some other
element or compound.
• The reinforcement does not always serve a structural task (reinforcing the compound). It can also be used to
change physical properties (such as wear resistance, thermal conductivity).
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• The reinforcement, the matrix, and the interface between them
determine the characteristics of MMCs. 
• The structural and functional properties of MMCs can be tailored
according to the demands of various industrial applications by
selecting suitable combinations of matrix, reinforcement and
processing route.
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• However, development of cost effective large scale production technique of MMCs with essential
geometrical and operational flexibilities is still a great challenge.
• Some of the critical challenges:
• (1) pre-processing of composite powder mixture: It is essential to prepare the composite powder
mixture with required particle size and shape distribution as they cannot be readily obtained
from the market,
• (2) unstable melt pool due to larger difference between the melting points of matrix and
reinforcement material,
• (3) processing defects such as cracks and residual porosity due to poor densification and
solidification conditions,
• (4) need for post processing heat treatment due to faster cooling rates and the Youngs moduli
difference resulting in larger thermal residual stresses.
Classification of MMCs based on the matrix
material 4 a
• Some examples of most commonly used metallic matrix
configurations are:
•Aluminum-based composites; aluminum as matrix can be either 
cast alloy or wrought alloy (i.e., AlMgSi, AlMg, AlCuSiMn, AlZnMgCu,
AlCu, AlSiCuMg)
•Magnesium-based composites
•Titanium-based composites
•Copper-based composites
a•Super alloy-based composites
MMCs are classified on the basis of
reinforcing elements 4b
Meqaleden 4- 5 birlesdir
• While MMCs made of Al, Ti, and Mg alloys are commonly recommended for
structural lightweighting (, Aluminum (Al) and Magnesium (Mg) MMCs have
proven to be more promising materials in the automobile and aerospace
industries because of their lightweight, excellent mechanical properties ),
• Ni based MMCs find applications as high temperature materials. Similarly,
Fe and Cu based MMCs are widely used in tooling and electronic packaging
industries, respectively.
• In case of reinforcements, study of available literature highlights the
extensive use of Al2O3, SiC, TiC, B4C in the form of discontinuous particle
reinforcements. However, fibers and whiskers made of graphite, SiC and
Al2O3 are also used for demanding engineering applications
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• Aluminum–matrix composites are most commonly studied MMC as they are widely used in the automotive and
aerospace industries. Reinforcement compounds such as SiC, Al2O3, and B4C can be mixed easily and effectively in
molten aluminum.
• Magnesium–matrix composites have similar advantages, but due to limitations in fabrication and lower thermal 
conductivity, they are not widely used as compared with aluminum-based MMCs.
• Magnesium–matrix composites have been developed for the space industry thank to the low density of
magnesium and its alloys. 
• Titanium alloys are used as matrix material in fabricating MMCs due to their good strength at elevated
temperatures and excellent corrosion resistance. Compared with aluminum, titanium alloys hold their strength at
higher temperature, which is advantageous in manufacturing aircraft and missile structures, whose operating
speeds are very high. However, their main problem lies with processing of highly reactive titanium with
reinforcement materials. Fiber-based titanium composites are widely used in developing aircraft structures.
• In terms of thermal conductivity and high-temperature strength properties, copper–matrix composites are
superior compared with other MMCs.
• Super alloys are commonly used as candidate materials for manufacturing gas turbine blades, where they operate
at higher temperatures and speeds.
Mmc fabrication methods 6
• https://blog.ohiocarbonblank.com/manufacturing-forming-methods-
metal-matrix-composites/

• https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/secm-2016-0278
/html
• Liquid-based – stir casting – iki sayta da bax, melt inf- pressure inf,
squeeze casting ikinci sayta bax; deposition- spray deposi iki sayta da
bax, electroptaling, vapor depo
• Solid-based – powder consolidation(blending)- iki sayta da bax,
diffusion bonding(foil)- iki sayta da bax,
• in situ proces – ikinci sayt
• Recently, MMCs based on Al, Ti, Fe and Ni alloys with superior mechanical properties are also
produced using additive manufacturing methods. Additive manufacturing (AM) refer to layer
by layer joining of powder to make end-usable products. The benefits of AM over traditional
manufacturing include: (1) complex part manufacturing without excess tooling needs, (2)
reduced number of processing steps and (3) minimal requirement for post-processing
• The commercial AM processes are broadly classified into three main groups: (1) liquid-based
systems, (2) solid-based systems and (3) powder-based systems
• While the liquid-based systems are effective for polymer processing, powder and solid-based
systems can be utilized for fabricating metallic materials. While all these methods involve a
layer-based manu- facturing approach starting from the CAD model generation to post-
processing/finishing of built parts, they essentially differ by means of: (1) materials that can
be used and their initial properties, (2) how the layers are created, and (3) how the layers are
bonded to each other. Such differences will eventually determine the accuracy of build part,
its properties and performance.
Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum Matrix
Composites
• Aluminum matrix composites (AMC) are widely recommended for the
structural light weighting of automobiles.