Professional Documents
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Inventory Management
Beni Asllani
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
Lecture Outline
Raw materials
Purchased parts and supplies
Work-in-process (partially completed)
products (WIP)
Items being transported
Tools and equipment
Carrying cost
cost of holding an item in inventory
Ordering cost
cost of replenishing inventory
Shortage cost
temporary or permanent loss of sales
when demand cannot be met
EOQ
optimal order quantity that will
minimize total inventory costs
Basic EOQ model
Production quantity model
Q
2
Reorder point, R
Co D
Annual ordering cost =
Q
CcQ
Annual carrying cost =
2
C oD CcQ
Total cost = +
Q 2
CcQ
Minimum Carrying Cost =
2
total cost
CoD
Ordering Cost =
Q
Maximum
Q(1-d/p) inventory
level
Average
Q
(1-d/p) inventory
2 level
0
Begin End Time
order order
Order
receipt receipt
receipt period
Q
Maximum inventory level = Q - d
p
d
=Q1-
p 2CoD
Qopt = d
Q d Cc 1 - p
Average inventory level = 1-
2 p
CoD CcQ d
TC = + 1- p
Q 2
2 C oD 2(150)(10,000)
Qopt = = = 2,256.8 gallons
32.2
Cc 1 - d 0.75 1 -
p 150
Co D Cc Q d
TC = + 1- p = $1,329
Q 2
Q 2,256.8
Production run = = = 15.05 days per order
p 150
D 10,000
Number of production runs = = = 4.43 runs/year
Q 2,256.8
d 32.2
Maximum inventory level = Q 1 - = 2,256.8 1 -
p 150
= 1,772 gallons
CoD CcQ
TC = + + PD
Q 2
where
TC (d2 = $6 )
Inventory cost ($)
Carrying cost
Ordering cost
2 Co D 2(2500)(200)
Qopt = = = 72.5 TVs
Cc 190
For Q = 72.5
C oD CcQopt
TC = + + PD = $233,784
Qopt 2
For Q = 90
Co D Cc Q
TC = + + PD = $194,105
Q 2
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 13-30
Reorder Point
Reorder
point, R
0
LT LT
Time
Q
Reorder
point, R
Safety Stock
0
LT LT
Time
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 13-35
Reorder Point With
Variable Demand
R = dL + zd L
where
d = average daily demand
L = lead time
d = the standard deviation of daily demand
z = number of standard deviations
corresponding to the service level
probability
zd L = safety stock
Probability of
a stockout
Safety stock
zd L
dL R
Demand
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 13-37
Reorder Point for
Variable Demand
The paint store wants a reorder point with a 95%
service level and a 5% stockout probability
d = 30 gallons per day
L = 10 days
d = 5 gallons per day
R = dL + z d L Safety stock = z d L
= 30(10) + (1.65)(5)( 10) = (1.65)(5)( 10)
= 326.1 gallons = 26.1 gallons