Case Study

On Urban Amenity – Multiplex Shopping Mall

Ovishar Cinema Hall at Tikatuli
 Site Surroundings

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS , NO HIGH-RISE

CONNECTS HATKHOLA RD WITH FAZLE RABBI RD – EASY ACCESS

ROAD TO EAST – NEW HIGH RISE APARTMENTS

OLD RESIDENCES, BEING DEMOLISHED

WEST (OPPOSITE) SIDE ROAD CONNECTING

VOGOBOTI BENARJEE RD, CREATING
CROSSROADS IN FRONT OF THE CINEMA HALL APPROX. 33’ WIDE ROAD TOWARDS BOLDHA GARDEN
Ovishar Cinema Hall, Tikatuli (25 HATKHOLA RD, DHAKA-1203)
Coordinates: 23°43'14"N 90°25'14"E
Established : 1968 [One of the oldest cinema halls in Dhaka]
Owners : KM Manju and Safar Ali Bhuiyan
Built area : 18,720 ft2
Capacity : Ovishar- 826 ; Neptune- 311
Ticket counter : 2
Floors : 4
Number of movie hall : 2
Air-conditioning : Yes
Wheelchair accessibility : No
Parking : N/A
Fire exit : Available (beside first floor toilet)
Staff & managers : 40+6
Current Situation : Unsafe, unclean interior, no functioning toilet,
old sound system, no 3D facilities, bad service
Cause of shutting down : Crisis in the film industry, financial losses

A commercial building will be constructed by demolishing the hall.

Construction of the 5 storied building will begin as soon as the covid
situation returns to normal. The building will house a community
center & a small cinema hall with 150 seats as a memento.
Ticket Counters
Interior images
Site : 25 Hatkhola road, Tikatuli, Dhaka-1203
Coordinates: 23°43'14"N 90°25'14"E
Area : 30 katha/ 21,600 ft2
Access road : North/West
Site Surroundings : - 60’ wide road on West
- 30’ wide road on North
- 20’ wide road on East
- Greenery on South Ovishar
Cinema Hall
Surrounding Buildings : - No high-rises
- Commercial
buildings on West
- Old buildings on
South are being
demolished
- Old residences &
newly developed
apartments on East
Site Features (Positive/Negative)
• Prime location
• Easily accessible from North & West side
• Easy to locate
• Economically viable
• Protective surrounding environment
• Area under-development; residences and apartments
• Lot of green spaces around
• Growth Opportunity to survive in future
• Within walking distance for potential customers from
around the area
• Front Cross-roads may cause traffic-jam during rush-
hour
• Favourable site for non-typical public projects
FAR & MGC
→ Land Area: 21,600 ft2 / 2006 m2
→ Basic FAR : 5.5
→ MGC: 50% = 10,800 ft2 ; 1003 m2
→ TBA (TOTAL BUILT AREA) = 10,800 x 5.5 = 59,400 ft2
TBA = 65,000 ft2
(ADDITIONAL FAR NOT CONSIDERED)
→ Number of floors = 59,400 / 10,800 = 5.5
→ Set back: Front =1.5m, Side =1.5m, Back = 2m
→ Parking: (1003*5.5 )= 5516/200 = 28 cars or 35 cars (as per requirement)
→ Ramp: 1:8 (2 ramp minimum)
→ Fire exit: minimum 2
→ Driveway width: 16’-20’ ; per car : 8’x16’
Bashundhara City Shopping Mall, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Bashundhara City Shopping Mall
Established : 2004 (Nov 1999- Sep 2004)
Location : 13/3 Ka, Panthapath, Tejgaon, Dhaka-1215
Client : Bashundhara Group
Architect : Mustapha Khalid Palash , Mohammad Foyez Ullah
Site Area: 13.50 Acres
Built Area : 177,700 m²
Floors : Mall – 8 ; Office - 19
Number of movie hall : 7
Air-conditioning : Yes
Wheelchair accessibility : Available
Parking : 1200 cars
Fire exit : Available
Project Objectives

• All service in one roof

• Built a modern shopping mall in a busy urban city

• Biggest vertical gaming zone

• Neat and clean shopping mall

• Thinking about women facilities

Site Plan
Plan of Basement

 Basement 1 - 12ft

 Basement 2 – 10ft

 Total car parking - 1200

https://www.bashundhara-city.com/store-directory
https://www.bashundhara-city.com/store-directory
Typical Floor

Floor to floor height 14ft

Almost 2325 shops

More than 1200 employee

2lakh people visit the mall daily

Void
Atrium

Prayer Hall
Core

Tower – 5 lift
2 fire stair

Market – Total 12 lift

8 passenger lift
4 service lift
4 capsule lift

Lift - 17
Fire exit - 7
Capsule lift - 4
Tower Typical Floor

Commercial Space

Service
Sectional Zoning

Tower

Shopping mall

Basement
Basement

Atrium

Shopping
Levels
 Pros (Facilities)

 Central Air Conditioning

 Lifts & Escalators
 Uninterrupted Electricity Supply
 Prayer Room (Separate place for Male &
Female)
 Central Public access system
 Medical Center
 Automated Car Parking System for 1800
Vehicles.
 International Standard Fire Fighting System
 Constant Vigilance System
 Wi-Fi Networking (Level-8 – Food Court)
Cons

 It’s highly expensive to our context.

 No use of our traditional materials.

 Lack of proper pedestrian design.

 Lack of proper fire stair.

 According to BNBC Podium (12 m) But

here is more than 12 m.

 It creates huge traffic problem.

Shanghai Hongqiao Performing Arts Center, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Hongqiao Performing Arts Center
Established : 2016
Location : 888 Tianshan Road, Changning District, Shanghai,
China
Architect : BAU (Brearley Architects & Urbanists)
Area : 14300 m²
Capacity : Theatre (1000 seats) and Cinema (various capacities)
Floors : 5
Levels: • Shops : Ground Floor
• Café : Ground Floor
• Cinema : 2nd & 3rd Floor
• Exhibition Hall : 2nd & 3rd Floor
• Theatre: Ground, 1st & 2nd Floor
Number of movie hall : 7
Air-conditioning : Yes
Wheelchair accessibility : Available
Parking : 50+ cars
Fire exit : Available
Site Plan
Basement Plan
Ground Floor Plan
First (Mezzanine) Floor Plan
Second Floor Plan
Third Floor Plan
Section AA
 Section BB

Basement
Garage

Lobby

Cinema

LED
Screen
Section CC
Section DD
View from South-East View from South-West
Interior of the theatre
Exterior of the Exhibition Hall
Interior of the Exhibition Hall
 Secondary lobby area
The enclosed plaza or mixing-lobby has ticket offices, café, flexible exhibition and event space, and open views to the external plaza and
streetscape.
Void over Lobby & the large staircase
Articulating the programs as separate objects such as shops, cinema halls, theatre, cafes, exhibition
space and linking them via an enclosed plaza creates an in-between-space in which the differences
between the programs are enhanced.
Watermark WestQuay, Southampton, United Kingdom
Watermark WestQuay
Established : 2017
Location : Southampton, Hampshire, southern England, UK
Architect : ACME
Area : 93,500 m²
Floors : 6 in Westquay North, 7 in Westquay South
Levels: • Shops : 1st & 2nd Floor
• Café : Ground, 1st & 2nd Floor
• Cinema : 3rd Floor
Number of movie hall : 10
Number of stores : 126
Number of restaurants : 24
Air-conditioning : Yes
Wheelchair accessibility : Available
Parking : Yes, 1 Podium, 1 Multi Storey
Fire exit : Available
Site Plan
Level - 1
Level - 2
Level - 3
Level - 4
Long Section
Cross Section
View from South-East View from North-East

View of East front View from South-West

Footbridge from level-3 connecting the multi-storey car park to the upper shopping level
Shopping levels
New Café zone of Ground Floor
 This theme is translated inside of the Westquay by suspending dramatic waves of veils made with Kriskadecor’s
links to evoke the feeling of water. These small anodized aluminium links are perfect to enable the design of layered
elements to provide colour, texture, movement and create the desired dramatic effect.
 The concept of the long room creates a journey of discovery as customers move throughout a space in
which the ceiling’s transparent veils, reinforce the soft flowing architectural forms dissipate to mimic the
exterior paving design.
View of bars & restaurants
Cinepolis, P&M Shopping Mall
Cinepolis - P&M Mall, Patna, Bihar
Coordinates: 25.634137°N 85.106248°E
Established : April 2011
Built area : 225,000 ft2
Capacity : 1000+
Ticket counter : 6
Floors : 7
Levels: • Retails: Ground, 1st & 2nd Floor
• Food Court & Restaurants: 3rd Floor
• Banquet: 4th Floor
• Multiplex, Gym & Entertainment Zone: 5th & 6thFloor
Number of movie hall : 4 screen luxury multiplex
Air-conditioning : Yes
Wheelchair accessibility : Available
Parking : 225 cars
Fire exit : Available

This mall houses world-class retailing spaces which includes hyper

market, departmental store, Multiplex, Entertainment Zone, Food
court, restaurants, Gym, hotel, Conference & Banquet facilities
Banquet Hall-Grand Ball Room can take up to 700 pax, conference
halls, retail shops, elevator, and escalator.
Auditorium
Recommended seating sizes

FOR ONE SEAT WITH LEG SPACE AND CLEARING 39” MIN.
SEAT 21” AND CLEAR 18” IN DEPTH
22” AVG. IN WIDTH
MAX 12 S.F PER PERSON

7 SEATS ACCESIBLE FROM ONE AISLE

OR, 14 SEATS ACCESSIBLE FROM TWO AISLES

NET AREA = NO. + ARRANGEMENT OF SEATS

TSS page 410

RECOMMENDED
SEATING SIZES
DEPTH 39” WITH
CLEARING

ARMREST
AT 24”

HEIGHT 18”

WIDTH 20” TO 22”

TSS page 419

ROW TYPES

TS page 420
FLOOR TYPES

10” RISER
STAGGERED SEATING 32-38” TREAD

TS page 420
AISLES

TS page 403
AISLE WIDTH

TS page 421
AISLE TYPES

TS page 435
BACKSTAGE AND ZONING

TS page 436
TS page 433
STAGE

TS page 435
Shops
Pg : 805
Pg : 811
Lift (Principles)
• For all buildings lift should be positions at the
source of traffic flow.
• Providing sufficient space for waiting.
• A and B is appropriate for commercial buildings.
Balances the weight of the car which gives more
effect on additional weights.
• In commercial building context, a trip of less
than 1 minute is highly desirable.
- 75 sec trip acceptable.
- 90 sec trip is troublesome.
- 120 sec trip is the limit of tolerance.
A Pull piston hanging B Indirect pull piston
(Hydraulic lift) with additional weight
(Hydraulic lift)
Six part telescopic sliding door
suitable for cars with wide openings.
For example: In hospitals and
commercial buildings.

Neufart Architect’s data (4th Edition)

Page no - 128
 Elevator
Door opening: 1.10 m/ 3’ – 6’’
Shaft width: 1.60m/ 5’ – 2’’
Shaft Depth: 1.00m/ 3’ – 3’’
Elevator for handicapped
Dimension for Center Opening: 3’ – 0’’
Side opening: 3’ – 0’’
Control panel: 4’ – 0’’

Times savers standards for Building Types (3rd Edition)

Page no - 1400
Neufart Architect’s Data (4th Edition)
Fig-10 Page no - 128
 Elevator Equipment Recommendation

Car Capacity

For example: if the car capacity is 2000 lb

then the normal passenger load will be 10
person per trip.

For example: If the car capacity of an office building is 1250-1600 kg then the rise will be
above 375 feet and minimum car speed will be 350-1000 fpm.
Vertical Transportation: Elevators and Escalator
Dr. M. Zahurul Haq
Page no – 20 &23
Handling Capacity (HC ): Maximum number of passengers that cam be handled in 5 minutes of time.
Interval or Lobby Dispatch Time (I ): The average time between departures of cars from the lobby.
Round trip (RT ): Average time required for a car to make round trip.
With this formula the number of elevators can be recommended in a building.
Vertical Transportation: Elevators and Escalator
Dr. M. Zahurul Haq
Page no – 17-20
Escalator (Principles)
Parallel Escalator Principle Parts of a Standard Escalator

The crisscross Arrangement of

Escalator

Vertical Transportation: Elevators and Escalator

Dr. M. Zahurul Haq
Page no – 28-30
Fire Exit
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY – MULTIPLEX
In a building or a portion thereof used for gathering of 50 or more persons for deliberation, worship, reading, entertainment,
eating, drinking, awaiting transportation, or similar uses not limited to these; or used as a special amusement building,
regardless of occupant load.

General Requirements [BNBC – 3.3]

• The width of a doorway shall not be less than 1 m and the height not less than 2m. [BNBC - 3.9.3]
• No sliding or hanging door shall be used as a means of exit. [BNBC - 3.9.4]
• Swinging of the door shall not constrict the width of the corridor below 0.9m measured at the most critical position
[BNBC - 3.9.5]
• No portion of an exit route shall be intervened by a door that may be locked when the building is occupied [BNBC –
3.4.3]
• The maximum travel distance to reach an exit from any point in the building shall not exceed 23 meters [Table –
4.3.4]
• Preferences of levels of walking surfaces in the means of egress shall be more than 1 in 20. Ramps or stairway shall
be used in case of changes in elevations of walking surfaces [BNBC – 3.3.5]
• When the occupant load exceeds 50 or in a hazardous occupancy, the doors shall swing outward from the room or
towards the direction of travel [BNBC – 3.9.5]
• Revolving doors shall be positioned with a dispersal area at a distance of 3m or more from the foot or top of stairway
or escalators or moving walks or lift lobbies [BNBC – 3.9.7.1]
OCCUPANCY
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDINGS
Every building or portion thereof shall
be classified according to its use or
character of occupancy. A brief
description of such occupancy groups is
presented in Table 3.1.1.
Any development permit for a site or a
location shall clearly mention the permitted
occupancy and construction type in
accordance to Table 3.1.1 for the existing
or proposed building.

BNBC 2015- FIG 3.1.2 BNBC 2020

 Capacity of Exit
Components
The capacity of egress components
shall be complied with the occupant
load of
the area served. The required width
of each component shall be
computed on the basis of
the allotted width per occupant
prescribed in Table 4.3.2

Assembly Seating and

Waiting
Minimum clear widths of steeped
aisles and other means of egress
serving
assembly seating shall be calculated
on the basis of number of seats and
in accordance
with Table 4.3.3.
 Doorways
A door or an opening protective
assembly is an obstruction for
occupants to pass through from exit
accesses to exits until and unless it
is installed as per
provisions of this Code.

https://www.scdf.gov.sg/firecode/table-of-content/chapter-2-means-of-escape/clause-2.3
 Stairways
Change in level in elevations achieved by steps combination
of identical risers and treads
as per provisions of this Code shall be termed as Stairway
irrespective of their locations.

Stairways serving more than three storey building having

capacity more than 10 occupants shall have visual enclosures
to avoid any impediments to stair use by persons having fear
of height, any arrangement intended to meet this requirement
shall be at least 1070 mm in height.

Required guards and handrails shall continue for the full

length of each flight of stairways. Inner turns of handrail of
flights shall be at the landings and grasp ability of handrails
shall be smooth and continuous.

Gap between any surface and handrail shall be not less than
63.5 mm.
Fire Escape Stairs
The required number of stairways shall be determined by dividing the calculated total widths of stairways as per sections 3.5, 3.6 and Table 4.3.2
of this Chapter by applicable minimum stair width as specified in this table and any fractions thereof shall be rounded up with the next higher
integer.
The maximum design occupant load for a Fire escape stair shall not be exceeded 50 occupants from any floor level.
publicecodes.cyberregs.com
Fire Escape Stairs

3’-3’’

4’-11’’ 10’’ 2’-9’’ 3’-2’’

3’-3’’
3’-3’’

3’-3’’ 10’’ 2’-9’’ 2’-11’’

6’-6’’ 10’’ 2’-9’’ 5’-1’’
Architecture Inspiration | Building Products | Discussions [arccil.com]
 Ramps [BNBC - 3.11]
• Ramp is a sloping surface steeper than 1 in 20 but not steeper than 1 in 8 used by walkers only.
• Slope of ramps to comply with accessibility requirement shall not be steeper than 1 in 12.
• The minimum width of exit ramps shall not be less than that width required for corridors or passages.
• Slopes steeper than 1 in 10 the ramp shall be surfaced with approved non-slip material or finished such as to effectively
prevent slipping.
• Guards and handrails shall be provided on both sides of ramps having slope steeper than 1 in 15.
• Length of the sloping portion of ramps shall be at least 915 mm but not more than 9150 mm long between level
platforms or landings.
• Sloping or ramp driveway approaching basements or any parking structures shall not be credited as an exit ramp when
slope is steeper than 1 in 8.

https://www.scdf.gov.sg/firecode/table-of-content/chapter-2-means-of-escape/clause-2.3
Horizontal Exits [BNBC - 3.12]
• The connection between two separated areas of a building or connection between buildings at same level which the horizontal
exit serves shall be provided with at least 2 hour fire resistance rated walls, or by an open air balcony or a bridge having
protected openings.
• The horizontal exits shall be protected from the area of incidence by self-closing fire door.
• The width of a horizontal exit access door shall not be less than 1 m.
• Where the horizontal exit serves for only one side, fire door shall swing in along the direction of travel.
• Horizontal exit relocates occupants to an area which is either a public space or a space used by other occupants and shall be
termed as a refuge area.

https://coderedconsultants.com/insights/horizontal-exits-design-considerations/
Smoke Proof Enclosure [BNBC - 3.13]
• Any compartment or a room or a control area surrounded by barrier walls within a building structure shall be protected from
smoke penetration during a fire incident occurred elsewhere in the building shall be termed as smoke proof enclosure.
• Any exterior side having opening of 50 percent or more in such a way that there shall be no smoke accumulation shall be
termed as open stair.
• All exit stairways mentioned above shall be protected by a smoke proof enclosure when serving occupants are located in a
high rise building.
• All doors in smoke proof enclosure and the vestibule shall be self-closing type.
• Each vestibule shall have a minimum area of openings of 2 m 2.
• When the staircase and the vestibule are windowless emergency illumination shall be provided.

Design of a pressurized smokeproof enclosure :

CFD analysis and experimental tests
Number of Exits [BNBC - 3.14]
• Total required widths of exits shall be calculated as per provisions of the Tables 4.3.2 and 4.3.8
• High rise buildings having a floor area larger than 500 m 2 on each floor used as assembly occupancy, shall have a
minimum of two staircases.
• Where two accessible means of egress are required, the exits serving such means of egress shall be located at a distance
from one another not less than one-half the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to be
served.
 Travel Path [BNBC - 3.15]
• Travel path shall be measured along the center line of a natural and unobstructed path up to center of an exit access door
opening.
• Occupant load and components of exits shall be arranged in such a manner that the travel path from any point in the area
served shall not be exceeded as listed in the Table 4.3.8.
• Unit width shall be 560 mm and fraction of unit width less than 280 mm shall not be credited.
• Wherever more than one exit required in a room or in any floor they shall be placed as remote as possible from each
other.
• As far as practicable, exits shall be arranged in such a manner to provide a refuge area or an exit discharge to the
occupants irrespective of the direction of travel from any point in an area served.

https://www.extremefire.com.au/paths-of-travel
https://www.gov.scot/publications/building-standards-2017-domestic/2-fire/29-escape/
Ref : Route Choice and Flow Rate in TheatreEvacuation Drills: Analysis of WalkingTrajectory Data-Se 2018
Means of Exit Signs and Illumination [BNBC - 3.16]
• All required means of exit or exit access in buildings or areas requiring more than one exit shall be signposted.
• Exit signs shall be installed at stair enclosure doors, horizontal exits and other required exits from the storey.
Parking
• Transition slopes of at least 8ft required for ramp slopes for over 10%;
• No solid wall is permitted in the isosceles triangle of 6ft of the exit driveway;
• Transition section of 16ft is necessary if the ramped driveway exit rises up to a public sidewalk;
(pg: 922-923)
•If pedestrians are expected to walk on the vehicle ramp, slope shouldn't be more than 10%;​
•For self park designs, max ramp grade is 15% max;​
•For attendant parking, max ramp grade is 20%;​
•Ramp breakover angle 10 degree min;​
•Angle of departure 10 degree min;​
•Angle of approach 15 degree min;​
•Blending ramp grades to relatively flat floors 12ft min transition slope is required;​
(pg:926)
•For one way straight ramp, 12ft min width is
must;​​
•For two way straight ramp(when opposing
traffic flow isn't separated) 22ft min width
required;​​
•For two way straight ramp(when opposing
traffic flow is separated) each lane requires12ft
min width;​​
•For circular ramps, 14-18ft min width required;​​
(pg:926)​​
•Single lane outer radius for helical ramp is 32ft
min and 35-37ft max;​​
(pg:927)​​
 Typical Designs

Twin-Spiral Garage:
• Ramps are on opposite corners and angled to facilitate movement
from floor to ramps;
• Entrances and exits are on separate sides of roads;
• Entrances and exits are on different levels;
• Waiting area(elevators, rest rooms, cashier's booth) are on the
center;
• 90 degree parking is employed
(pg:927)
 Staggered-floor/Split-level
Garage:
• Features separated one-way operation;
• Access is on only one street;
• 90 degree parking is utilized;
• Stairs and elevators are on the center;
• Afford min walking distance
(pg:927-928)
Straight-ramp garage:

• One-way aisles and angle parking;

• A portion of the aisle is for floor to floor circulation;
• Entrance and exit are on the same street(widely separated to avoid
traffic conflicts);
(pg:928)
Slopping floor garage:
• For sloping floors, aisles have access to parking stalls and floor to floor
circulation;
• 90 degree parking;
• Entrance and exit on same street;
• Direction of travel on ramps are reversed to reduce conflict;
• For irregular  shape site , self parking might be a problem;
(pg:928)
Concentric-Spiral garage:
• Spiral ramp in the center;
• Aisles are one-way and two-way;
• 90 degree parking;
• One side of street is for entrance;
• Two ways of street are for exit
(pg:930)
Parking lots

(pg:934)