CLIMATE

What are the things you

usually consider whenever
you plan to have a picnic?
WEATHER
• Refers to the day-to-
day changes or
patterns in the
atmosphere at a
particular place and
time.
CLIMATE
• The cumulative patterns of weather in a
particular place over time.
• It slowly changes over time, allowing life to
adjust to the new conditions.
• The climate can be spring, summer autumn,
or winter when an area is closer to the poles.
• In the Philippines, the climate is either dry or
wet.
FACTORS THAT DESCRIBE
CLIMATE
TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION
• Influenced by • Affected by
latitude, proximity to
proximity to mountain ranges
large bodies of and wind.
water, and
elevation.
FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE
TEMPERATURE
 LATITUDE

• As the latitude increases

north or south of the
equator, the temperature
decreases.
PROXIMITY TO LARGE
BODIES OF WATER
• Water cools down
temperature. Water heats
up and cools down more
slowly than landmasses.
Windward side Leeward side

• Areas where
• Areas where
winds blow from
the sea onto wind blows from
land. inland towards
the sea.
 ELEVATION
• Temperature decreases
with elevation. The
higher the elevation, the
lower the temperature.
FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE
PRECIPITATION
PROXIMITY TO MOUNTAIN
RANGES
OROGRAPHIC EFFECT RAIN SHADOW EFFECT
• Refers to the dynamics of • Occurs on the leeward
air and precipitation on slope of mountains,
the windward slope of which is generally dry and
mountains. receive only less rain
• Most air masses are called rain shadow.
pushed upward and • The amount of
moisture condenses as precipitation on the
rain clouds. When these leeward slope is less than
clouds are saturated, the windward slope.
precipitation is released.
 WIND
• It is the movement of air
caused by heat from the sun.
• Winds that originate from a
warm area bring about warm
temperature while wind from a
cool area cools the air.
 CLIMATE
CHANGE

• A long term
shifting of global
weather pattern
IMPACTS OF
CLIMATE
CHANGE
 DIRECTS IMPACTS ON
TEMPERATURE
• According to PAGASA’s climatological data,
April and May register the hottest temperature.
• The hottest day in the history of Manila was on
May 14, 1987 when the temperature reached
38.50C.
• The hottest day in the Philippines was recorded
on May 11, 1969 in Tuguegarao, which
experienced a temperature of 42.50C.
• The hottest day in the world was reported on
July 10, 1913 in Death Valley, where the
temperature shot to 56.70C.
EMERGENCE OF CLIMATE-
SENSITIVE DISEASES AND
ILLNESSES
Heat stroke
• When the body is exposed to
extremely high
temperatures and does not
get enough water for a
prolonged period of time,
the body fails to regulate its
temperature and suffers a
heat stroke.
 Dengue
• Virus-bearing mosquitoes favor areas with
warmer climates and more rainfall.
• Symptoms
- High fever that lasts for a week
- Aching muscles and joints
- General weakness
- Pain in the eyes
- Bleeding
- Abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Dark-colored stool
- As the illness progresses, body temperature may drop,
and tiny red spots or skin rash may appear
Daily monitoring of the patient
Encourage intake of oral fluids
such as oral rehydration solution,
oresol or a homemade “181”
solution (1 liter water with 8
teaspoons of sugar and one
teaspoon of salt)
Note any dengue warning signs
Give paracetamol and not aspirin
Use mosquito nets
Early consultation
 Water-borne diseases
• Leptospirosis
- Caused by the bacteria Leptospira and affects humans
and animals.
- People must avoid walking through flood waters,
observe hygiene, wash their feet and legs with soap and
water if they do wade through the flood, and wear boots
if possible.
• Diarrhea
- refers to the loose and frequent bowel movement that
can lead to dehydration.
- Caused by bacteria in contaminated food or water.
 Food-borne diseases
• Salmonellosis
- An infection caused by the Salmonella
bacterium.
- Improper and unhygienic handling of
food
• Botulism
- Attributed to the bacterium Clostridium
botulinum that thrives in expired canned
food.
- Can cause food poisoning
DISLOCATION OF
POPULATIONS DUE TO
FLOODS AND NATURAL
DISASTERS
• When a habitat is at risk,
organisms move out in
search of safer territory.
EXTREME WEATHER
• El Niño and La Niña influenced by
the surface temperature in the
equatorial Pacific Ocean
• During El Niño, winds weaken,
causing sea surface temperatures to
rise.
• During La Niña, cooler-than-normal
sub-surface water accumulates in
the central equatorial Pacific.
IMPACTS ON WATER
QUALITY AND
QUANTITY
• Our waters are at risk from pollution
because of flood runoffs.
• Flood water carry wastes, silt,
agricultural pesticides and
fertilizers, and other pollutants,
which are then deposited on other
bodies of water can adversely affect
the aquatic food chain.
LOW SOIL
PRODUCTIVITY
• Drought and excessive
precipitation can reduce soil
productivity.
• Lack of water supply stunts the
growth of crops.
• When floodwaters erode soil,
they can strip away minerals
vital to food crops.