Modern Philosophical

Thoughts
1.
Pe r e nn i a l i s m
2. Mo de r n P h i l o s op h ic
al
T h o u gh t s
Essentialism
OVERVIEW
3.
Pr ogr es si vi sm

4.
Existentialism

5.
Social
r ucti o ni sm
re con st
 Perennialism

• Proponent: Robert Hutchins

• Knowledge that has endured through time and space should
constitute the foundation of education.
• Perennialists believe that when students are immersed in the study
of profound and enduring ideas they will appreciate learning for
its own sake and become true intellectuals.
 Essentialism

• Proponent: William Bagley

• Teaching the basic/essential knowledge and
skills.
• To promote the intellectual growth of the
learners.
 Progressivism

• Proponent: John Dewey

• Education is always in the process of development.
• Focused on the whole child and the cultivation of
individuality.
• Progressivists strive to make schooling both
interesting and useful.
 Existentialism

• Proponent: Jean Paul Sartre

• Man shapes his being as he lives.
• Knowledge is subjective to the person's
decision, and varies from one person to
another.
 Social
reconstruction
• Proponent: George Counts
• Emphasizes the addressing of social questions and
a quest to create a better society.
• Curriculum focuses on students' experiences.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wYVrPPpzrQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Naem5OBRPOA