Types of Ecosystem

Types of an Ecosystem

 Terrestrial
ecosystem
• Forest ecosystem
• Grassland ecosystem
• Desert ecosystem
• Tundra ecosystem
 Aquatic ecosystem
• Freshwater ecosystem
• Marine ecosystem
Terrestrial ecosystem
 Terrestrial ecosystem
• A terrestrial ecosystem is a land-based
community of organisms and the interactions of
biotic and abiotic components in a given area.
• 1 Forest ecosystem
• 2 Grassland ecosystem
• 3 Desert ecosystem
• 4 Tundra ecosystem
1 Forest Ecosystem
 A.Coniferous forest

Grow in the Himalayan mountain region

Temperature is low.

Have tall trees with needle-like leaves

and downward sloping branches so that
the snow can slip off the branches.
 B.Broad leaved Forest
Broad leaved forests have
large leaves of various
shapes and have several
types.

•Evergreen Forest
•Deciduous Forest
•Thorn Forest
•Mangrove
 2 Grassland Ecosystem
• Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is
dominated by grasses.
• Grasslands cover around 40 percent of the earth's
surface, and they exist in both temperate and
tropical regions.
• Grasslands are found in both temperate and
tropical areas where rainfall is between 250mm and
900mm per year.
 Types of grassland ecosystem
• There are mainly two types of grassland:
 Tropical Grassland
 Temperate Grassland
 Types of grassland ecosystem
• Tropical grasslands are located near the equator,
between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of
Capricorn. They cover much of Africa as well as
large areas of Australia, South America, and India.
• Having grasses as a dominance vegetation.
• Temperate grasslands are a division of a larger
biome grouping of grasslands that includes
tropical savannas (A Grassland with a scattered
individual trees)
 3 Desert Ecosystem
Deserts are arid regions which are generally associated with warm
temperatures, however cold deserts also exist.

Desert and near-desert areas cover nearly one-third of the land surface of the
globe .

Deserts alone covers about seventh of the land surface.

Most of the major desert areas like as

1. The Sahara,
2. The Arabian,
3. The Kalahari, and
4. The Deserts of Australia
All lie between 10 and 30 degrees north or south of the
equator.
 Temperate & Subtropical deserts

Both get fewer than 10 inches of rain annually.

Dry air is found in both kinds of biomes.

Both have harsh living conditions that impact people or animals

living there.

Plants have adapted to having less water and harsher

temperatures.

Animals have adapted to the conditions as far as energy, food

consumption and when to get out and be active.
 Deserts
• Deserts are characterized by the following
ecological factors
 Sandy soils and a rocky substratum.
 Scanty rainfall and high evaporation.
 Hot and Cold weather.
 Prevailing Wind action.
 Poor Soil Moisture and water resources
 Climatic Conditions
• In summer, desert temperatures often reach
up to 38 °C during the day. They drop up to 25
degrees Celsius or more at nights.
• During the winter, temperatures in the desert
range from 10 to 21 °C.
• Very high evaporation rates often 20 times the
annual precipitation
• Irregular rainfall of less than 250 mm per year
• Low relative humidity and cloud cover.
 Animal Adoption
• Animals have developed special body structure
and ways of life.
• Centipedes, gerbils, kangaroo rats, snakes, and
scorpions spend the day in burrows. They come
out to search for food only when temperatures
drop at night.
• Many insects, lizards, and tortoises can tolerate
high desert temperatures and are active in the
daytime. Many of them retreat underground or
find the shade of a tree, during the hottest
part of the day
 4 Tundra Ecosystem
• A biome where the trees grow hindered by
low temperature and short growing season.
• Animals:
The animals that lives in the tundra are:
Caribou
Artic hare
Polar bear
Pinguins
 • The types of plants that growing in the Tundra
are:
• Shrubs
• Sedges
• Mosses

The average temperature never exceeds 10 C, but at least there is a month hot enough
to melt snow.
There are 2 seasons cold and hot. In the hot season can be 10 C.
Cold season can be -40 C.
Aquatic Ecosystem
• Aquatic ecosystems can involve flowing or
still water, and can be fresh or saline
1. Freshwater (Limnology)
• Lakes (lentic)
• Rivers (lotic)
• Groundwater
• Brackish water (inter-tidal)
• Marine water (Oceanography)
• Anthropogenic waters (i.e drinking water)
2. Marine Ecosystem
 Marine Ecosystem
• ANIMALS
Some animals in the marine ecosystem are:
sharks, crabs, whales seahorses.
• PLANTS
Some plants of the marine ecosystem are: Algae,
coral reef, kelp, seaweed, sea grass, red algae,
coralline algae
Food Chain
 ADAPTATION
• Shark stream lined body for swimming.
• Fins to propel through the water.
• Sharp teeth.
• Gills to breath under water.