UPDATES !!!

Online submission of digitized modules via

google forms.
Digitized Modules (Curved Mirrors and Lens not
digitized)
Online Summative Test
Homeroom Guidance Modules
-Week 3-4 (Open)
-Week 5-8 (link to be forwarded on the GC)
Project Dear
3R photo
MIRRORS
Reflection
 We describe the path of light as straight-line rays
 Reflection of a flat surface follows a simple rule:
◦ angle in (incidence) equals angle out (reflection)
◦ angles measured from surface “normal” (perpendicular)
LAW OF REFLECTION
1. The incident ray, reflected ray and the
normal line all lie on the same plane.
2. The angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of reflection.
◦ The angle between the incident ray and the normal
line is called the angle of incidence.
◦ The angle between the reflected ray and the normal
line is called the angle of reflection.
Types of Reflection
Flat/Plane Mirrors

Flat/ Plane mirrors form images via

reflection.

Object and Image have:

• Same size
• Same orientation
• Equal distances from the mirror
The image in a plane mirror is laterally
reversed. Meaning, when you raise
your left hand in front of a mirror, your
image will raise its right hand.
LEFT- RIGHT REVERSAL

AMBULANCE
What is the minimum
height of a vertical mirror
so that a person standing in
front of it can see his full
image?
 Curved mirrors
What if the mirror isn’t flat?
Concave Mirrors
A concave mirror is also known as a converging mirror.
When parallel light rays are incident to it, the reflected
rays are brought together at a common point in front of
the mirror called the focus.
0
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Concave Mirrors
 Curves inward
 May be real or virtual image
Convex Mirrors
A convex mirror is also known as a diverging mirror.
When parallel light rays are incident to it, the reflected
rays spread out. It has a virtual focus.
Convex Mirrors

 Curves outward
 Reduces images
 Virtual images
 Types of Image

1. Real Image –
◦ Image is made from “real” light rays that
converge at a real focal point so the
image is REAL
◦ Image is located in front of the mirror
◦ Can be projected onto a screen because
light actually passes through the point
where the image appears
◦ Always inverted
 Types of Image
2. Virtual Image –
◦ “Not Real” because it cannot be
projected on the screen
◦ Image is apparently behind the
mirror
◦ Always erect or upright
                                     

Virtual Images in Plane Mirrors

 
 
Rays seem to come from behind
the mirror, but, of course, they
don't.  It is virtually as if the rays
were coming from behind the
mirror.

"Virtually":  the same as if

As far as the eye-brain system is

concerned, the effect is the same
If light energy doesn't flow from the
as would occur if the mirror were
image, the image is "virtual".
absent and the chess piece were
actually located at the spot labeled
"virtual image".
Ray Diagram and Images Formation by Plane Mirror

Image Formation by Plane Mirror

Location Behind the miror
Orientation Upright
Size Same size as the object
Type Virtual
Images Formed by Curved Mirrors
Four Principal Rays in Curved Mirrors
Four Principal Rays in Curved Mirrors
Four Principal Rays in Curved Mirrors
Four Principal Rays in Curved Mirrors
Steps in in determining the position and the nature of the image of an
object formed by concave mirror and convex mirror.

1. From the object, draw the first ray (P – F ray). From the same
point on the object, draw the second (F – P ray), third (C – C ray),
and fourth (V ray) rays.

2. The intersection of the four rays is the image point

corresponding to the object point. For example, if you started
diagramming from the tip of the arrow-shaped object, the
intersection of the reflected rays is also the tip of the arrow-shaped
image. Thus, you can determine completely the position and
characteristics of the image.
1. Beyond C

Location Orientation Sized Type

Between C and Inverted reduced Real
F
2. At C

Location Orientation Sized Type

At C Inverted same Real
3. Between C and F

Location Orientation Sized Type

Beyond C Inverted enlarged Real
4. At F

Location Orientation Sized Type

NO IMAGE FORMED
5. Between F and V

Location Orientation Sized Type

Behind the Upright enlarged Virtual
mirror
Convex Mirror

Location Orientation Sized Type

Between F and Upright reduced Virtual
V
 Activity 1: What Does My Image Looks
Like
Using protractor or ruler, construct ray diagrams to determine the
location, orientation, size, and type of images formed by curved mirror.
Concave Mirror APPLICATIONS

Flashlights, Searchlights and Car Headlights

A searchlight is used to signal the

caped crusader in the 2008 film,
“The Dark Knight”

http://www.edurite.com/kbase/10-uses-of-concave-mirror
Concave Mirror APPLICATIONS

Shaving mirror, Makeup mirror, Dental mirror

The objects are located inside the focus of the

mirror hence an enlarged and upright image is
formed.

http://www.edurite.com/kbase/10-uses-of-concave-mirror
Concave Mirror APPLICATIONS

Reflecting Telescopes

The mirror is placed at the bottom of the telescope such that it can gather
light and form a smaller image than the original size of the image on a small
and plane mirror placed at the top. This plane mirror is simply placed to
reflect the light into the eyepiece or camera or other output source of the
telescope. Astronomers use larger mirrored telescope because it gathers more
light and fainter objects can then easily be viewed.

http://www.edurite.com/kbase/10-uses-of-concave-mirror
Concave Mirror APPLICATIONS

Satellite Dishes

When parallel waves strike a concave surfaced mirrored antenna dish,

they all get reflected by the focus of the concave mirror. At that focus
the receiver for the signals is placed. Here, the purpose of mirror is to
gather weaker signals falling over a bigger area and then concentrate
or focus them on one point or spot.

http://www.edurite.com/kbase/10-uses-of-concave-mirror
Concave Mirror APPLICATIONS

Solar Powered Gadgets

for Cooking or Heating

The parallel rays of the sun are focused at the focal point of
the mirror and then the reflected rays are used for heating
purposes like cooking, heating water, recharging power
backups etc.
http://www.edurite.com/kbase/10-uses-of-concave-mirror
Convex Mirror APPLICATIONS

Traffic Safety Mirrors

Convex traffic safety mirrors are designed to assist road

safety and can help eliminate blind spots at corners,
concealed entrances and exits, car parks and junctions.
http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/light/convex_mirror.htm
Convex Mirror APPLICATIONS
Ceiling Security Mirrors/ ATM Security
Mirrors

Ideal for surveillance. They allow someone to watch what

is going on in a wide area - shopkeepers can spot thieves,
etc; ATM customers can spot suspicious “customers”
behind them. http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/light/convex_mirror.htm
Convex Mirror APPLICATIONS

Portable Inspection Mirrors

For security & safety purposes.

Used by mall guards to check vehicles entering the
compound.
http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/light/convex_mirror.htm
Convex Mirror APPLICATIONS

Rear view Mirrors

The panoramic view significantly reduces blind spots at the

rear of the vehicle. The driver can see at a glance, and
without excessive movement any obstacles as he/she
reverses.
http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/light/convex_mirror.htm
Identify the type of
mirror