CSC 1401

Computer Programming I
Hamid Harroud
School of Science and Engineering,
Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane
h.harroud@aui.ma

Spring 2015
Lecture 3

Overview of C
 Objectives
• Structure of simple C programs
• Simple data types int, double, and char.
• Input/output functions printf and scanf.
• Preprocessor directives #include and #define
• Comments
• Assignment statement along with the basic
arithmetic operators
• Case Study
• Common Errors

3
C Language Elements

Preprocessor
directives

Main function

4
 General Form of a C program

• Preprocessor directives: #include, #define

• Main function: int main (void)
• Any used variable should be declared before its
usage.
5
 Variable Declarations

• Variables: values stored in variables can changes

• Variables Declarations:
– What kind of information will be stored in each
variable
– How that information will be represented in memory

SYNTAX: EXAMPLES:
int variable_list; int count,large;
double variable_list; double x, y, z;
char variable_list; char first_initial;
char ans;

6
 Data Types
• int
– Range : -32767 ~ + 32767 --- in ANSI C
– -10500 435 +15 -25 32767
• double

• char
– ‘A’ ‘a’ ‘z’ ‘2’ ‘9’ ‘*’ ‘?’

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 Executable Statements
• Program in Memory
• Assignment Statements
• Input/Output Functions
– C function: printf
– C function: scanf
• Arithmetic Expressions

8
 Assignment Statements

Memory(a) Before and (b) After Execution of a Program

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Before and After Assignment of
a variable
kms = KMS_PER_MILE * miles;

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Before and After Assignment of
a variable
sum = sum + item;

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 Function: scanf

scanf("%lf", &miles);

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 scanf

scanf("%c%c%c", &letter_1, &letter_2, &letter_3 );

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Function: printf

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 Arithmetic Expressions
• Arithmetic Operators
• Mixed-Type Assignment Statement
• Expression with Multiple Operators

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Arithmetic Operators

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 Execution of Multiple Operators
• Can be expressed as an Evaluation Tree.

area = PI * radius * radius;

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Step by Step Expression
Evaluation

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 Operator Precedence
• An operator’s precedence determines
its order of evaluation.

- x – y * z

z-(a + b/2)+ w * -y

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Evaluation Tree (1)

v = (p2 - p1) / (t2 - t1);

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Evaluation Tree (2)

z - (a + b / 2) + w * -y

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 Common Programming Errors
• Syntax Errors
• Run-Time Errors
• Logic Errors

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 Summary

• Structure of simple C programs

• Simple data types int, double, and char.
• Input/output functions printf and scanf.
• Preprocessor directives #include and #define
• Comments
• Assignment statement along with the basic
arithmetic operators
• Case Study
• Common Errors

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