The Muscular and

Skeletal Systems
UPPER SECONDARY
The Muscular System

 An organ system consisting of 3 types of muscles

 Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles
 It permits movement of the body
 Maintains posture
 Circulates blood throughout the body
Cardiac Muscles

 Surrounds your heart

 Pumps blood around your
body
 The cardiac muscle tissues
cause continuous pumping
of the heart through
involuntary movements
Smooth Muscle

 Smooth Muscles surround your blood vessels and internal organs

 They apply pressure to organs and vessels
 Cells are narrow and spindle-shaped
 Single nucleus that is located centrally
 Surrounds blood vessels help to push blood around your body
 Surrounds your internal organs helping them to work properly
Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscles
 Attached to bones and control
movement
 Over 650 skeletal muscles in the human
body 
 40% of body weight
 Under the control of the nervous
system in the body
 They work in pairs when you want to
move part of your body
 One muscle will contract (pull tight)
and the other relax
Skeletal Structure
 There are 206 bones in the human body
 Most of the bones are needed for movement and support
 Some are used for protection
 The cranium protects your brain,
 The rib cage protects your internal organs (heart, lungs,
liver, stomach)
 Your vertebrae protect your spinal column
The Spinal column

 The spinal column is made up of 31 bones called vertebrae

 The spinal column protects the spinal cord (part of your nervous
system)
 The spinal cord passes information from your body to your brain,
and from your brain to your body
 If you break your spinal cord the messages no longer get through,
which causes you to lose feeling in your body, and be unable to
move muscles.
 This condition is called paralysis (being paralysed)
Ligaments
 Ligaments are pieces of
connective tissue
 Connect bones to each other
 ligaments in your knee
connect your femur, patella,
tibia and fibula together
Injuries to Bones and Ligaments

Sprain Fracture Dislocation

A damaged ligament A broken or cracked bone A bone or joint forced out

of its normal position.