PLANNING

ABHAY KUMAR
SEC – ‘A’
ROLL NO. – 07
BCA 1ST YEAR
 WHAT IS PLANNING ?
PLANNING means looking ahead and chalking
out future
courses of action to be followed. It is a
systematic activity
which determines when, how and who is going
to perform
a specific job.
It is rightly said “ WELL PLAN IS HALF DONE”.
Planning is
a detailed programme regarding future courses
of
actions.
 IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING

• Reduces the risk of uncertainity.

• Planning provides directions.
• Planning reduces overlapping and
wasteful activities.
• Planning promotes innovative ideas.
• Planning facilitates decision making.
• Planning establishes standards of
controlling.
 STEPS IN PLANNING FUNCTION

• Establishment of planning premises.

• Establishment of objectives.
• Formulation of derivative plans.
• Securing Co-operation.
• Follow up/Appraisal of plans.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING

• Planning is looking ahead.

• Planning is an intellectual process.
• Planning is goal oriented.
• Planning involves choice & decision making.
• Planning is the primary function of
management.
• Planning is a continuous process.
• Planning is designed for efficiency.
• Planning is flexible.
 TYPES OF PLANNING

1. Operational Planning
2. Strategic Planning
3. Tactical Planning
4. Contingency Planning
DECISION MAKING
WHAT IS DECISION MAKING ?

Decision Making is the selection based on

some criteria from two or more possible
alternatives – “ George R.Terry “
A decision can be defined as a course of action
consciously chosen from available alternatives
for the purpose of desired result. – J.L.Massive
 PROCESS OF DECISION MAKING

• Identification of the purpose of the

decision.
• Informal gathering.
• Principles for judging the
alternatives.
• Brainstorm and analyse the
different choices.
• Evaluation of alternatives.
• Execute the decision.