CLOUD COMPUTING

AYUSH GARG
7CS - 17
 INTRODUCTION
• Cloud Computing is the new buzz word in the IT
industry.
• It has the potential to transform the large part of IT
industry by making software even more attractive as a
service and shaping the way IT hardware is designed
and purchased.
• It support and encourage developers with new
innovative ideas.
 WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud Computing refer to as both the applications delivered
as services over the Internet and the hardware and system
software in the Datacenters to provide the service.
The services are referred as Software as a Service(SaaS).
Datacenter hardware and software is called as Cloud.
When the Cloud is made available in a “pay- as – you – go”
manner to the public, it is called as Public Cloud and the
service being sold is called Utility Computing.
Cloud Computing is a sum of SaaS and Utility C0mputing
i.e. It empowers the application providers to deploy their
product as SaaS without provisioning a Datacenter.
USERS AND PROVIDERS OF CLOUD
COMPUTING
From hardware point of view, three aspects are new in
cloud computing-
1. The illusion of infinite computing resource available on
demand.
2. The elimination of an up- front commitment by cloud
users.
3. The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a
short- term basis and release them as needed.
 These aspects are important for the technical and
economic changes made possible by Cloud Computing.
Indeed, the reason behind the failure of past efforts at
utility computing is missing of one of these aspects . E.g.
– Intel computing service(2000-01) A successful example
is- Elastic Compute Cloud(EC2).
ADVANTAGES OF SaaS
To the service provider-simplified software
installation and maintenance and centralized control
over versioning,
To the end users- Security of stored Data, Better and
easy data sharing, access to service “anywhere and
anytime”.
USERS

Developers:- System Developers are responsible for the

development and maintenance of the cloud framework.
Authors:- They are developers of individual services
that may be used directly or may be integrated into
composite services.
Service Integration and Provisioning:- They
integrate basic and individual services into composite
services and deliver them to end user.
End User:- They are the users of simple and
composite services and require reliable and timely
service delivery, easy to use interfaces, information
about their services etc.
CONCEPTS
SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE:- In it end-
users request an IT service at the desired functional
and quality level and receive it either at the time
requested or specified later time.

WORKFLOWS:- A workflow can be represented as a

directed graph of data flows that connects loosely and
tightly coupled processing components.
COMPONENTS:- The key to a SOA framework that
support workflows is componentization of its services.
Component based approach can be characterized by:-
Reusability:- elements can be reused in other
workflows.
Substitutability:- alternate implementations are
available.
Extensibility:- ability to readily extend system
component pool.
Scalability
 CLOUDS IN A PERFECT STORM: WHY NOW,
NOT THEN?
Along with the construct of large datacenters additional
technology trends and new business models also played a
key role in making cloud a reality.

NEW TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND BUSINESS MODELS:-

With the emergence of web 2.0, a shift from “high-touch,
high-margin, high-commitment” provisioning of service
model to “low-touch, low-margin, low-commitment” self
service model was witnessed.
E.g. accepting payments through credit cards is possible
without any contract or long term commitment, on pay-as-
you-go transaction fees.
Amazon Web Services capitalized on this insight in
2006 by providing pay-as-you-go computing using
credit card.
NEW APPLICATION OPPOURTUNITIES
Mobile interactive applications:- The future belongs
to services that respond in real times to information
provided either by their users or by sensors.
E.g. “Navitime” in Japan, making web based services
available on non-multimedia phones using “site on
mobile”, “shopkick” on I-phone etc.
Compute intensive desktop applications:- The latest
versions of mathematics software packages Matlab are
capable of using cloud computing to perform
expensive evaluations.
CLASSES OF UTILITY COMPUTING
Utility Computing offerings can be distinguished
based on the level of abstraction presented to the
programmer and the level of management of the
resources.
Amazon EC2 is at one end of the spectrum. In it the
API contains a few dozen API calls to request and
configure the virtualized hardware and there is no
limit on the kinds of applications that can be hosted.
On the other end of the spectrum there are
application domain specific platforms like Google
AppEngine and force.com, the SalesForce business
software development platform.
The Microsoft Azure is an intermediate point on this
spectrum i.e. lies between complete application
frameworks like AppEngine on the one end and
hardware virtual machines like EC2 on the other.
Azure applications are written using .NET libraries
and compiled to the CLR. It supports general purpose
computing rather than single category of application.
CLOUD COMPUTING ECONOMICS
The economic appeal of cloud computing is often
described as “converting capital expenses to operating
expenses”. The phrase pay-as-you-go more directly
captures the economic benefit to the buyer.
The absence of up-front capital expenses allows capital to
be redirected to the core business.
Cloud Computing ability to add or remove resources at a
fine grain and with a lead time of minutes allows
matching resources to workload much more closely.
Even though pay-as-you-go pricing can be more
expensive than buying and depreciating a comparable
server over the same period. The economic benefit of
elasticity and transference of risk outweighs the cost.
The risk of mis-estimating the workload i.e. the risk of
over provisioning and under provisioning, is shifted
from the service operator to the cloud vendor.
Both these risks are very critical as over-provisioning
results in wastage of resources, under-provisioning
result in loss of revenue as well as customer faith.
Unexpectedly scaling down due to business slowdown
normally carries a financial penalty. Cloud Computing
eliminates this penalty.
OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES
QUESTIONS FOR THE FUTURE
Application software of the future will likely have a
piece that runs on cloud and a piece that runs on
client.
Infrastructure software of future need to have billing
built in from the beginning.
Hardware systems need to b e designed at the scale of
at least a dozen racks and they need to strive for
energy proportionality.
CONCLUSION
The long dreamed vision of computing as a utility is
finally emerging.
In addition to startups, many other established
organizations take advantage of the elasticity of Cloud
Computing regularly. E.g. newspaper Washington
post, movie company like Pixar etc.
There are several economic and technical advantages
of shifting to Cloud Computing which makes it a hot
favorite in the IT industry.
A lot has been done but still a long way to go.
THANK YOU!