CELLULAR

RESPIRATION
 CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Catabolism

● the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down

molecules into smaller units

𝐶 6 𝐻 12𝑂 6+6 𝑂 2 6 𝐶𝑂 2+6 𝐻 2 𝑂+( 𝐴𝑇𝑃 +h𝑒𝑎𝑡 )

● Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration

GLYCOLYSIS
-the process wherein the
six-carbon sugar, glucose
is broken down into two
molecules of pyruvate or
pyruvic acid.
 glycolysis
 breakdown of
glucose
 takes place in the
cytoplasm

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 glycolysis
 breakdown of
glucose
 takes place in the
cytoplasm
 Products: 2 ATP,
2 NADH, 2
PYRUVIC
ACID
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 Glycolysis steps
1. Glucose is phosphorylated using two ATP molecules. Glucose (C6)
Phosphorylation is the process of adding a
2 ATP
phosphate group to a molecule
2 ADP
2. .After phosphorylation of glucose, it is converted
into two 3-carbon molecule called PGAL as an 2 C3
intermediate compound. 2 NAD+
3. A phosphate group is added to each PGAL molecule 2 ADP 2 NADH
and hydrogen atoms are transferred to NAD+
2 ATP
forming two molecules of NADH+.
4. The phosphate bonds of PGAL are broken forming 2 ADP
two molecules of ATP from each molecule of PGAL 2 ATP
and converting them to 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.
2 pyruvate (C3)
 glycolysis
 if oxygen is present it can
proceed to aerobic
respiration
 Matrix: where the first and
second aerobic step will take
place
 Inner membrane: where
third step will take place
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KREBS CYCLE
-a series of chemical
reactions that take
place in the presence of
oxygen.
 Kreb’s cycle
 Citric acid cycle
 take place in the presence of
oxygen
 matrix of the mitochondria
 Hans Krebs
 Products: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2
ATP Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

 release of 4 molecules of CO2

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 Krebs Cycle steps
1. The 2-carbon acetyl group of acetyl coA combines with a 4-carbon oxaloacetic
acid, releasing CoA and forming a six-carbon molecule called citric acid.
2. The citric acid molecule is broken down to a 5-carbon compound (ketoglutaric
acid). NADH is formed.
3. The 5-carbon compound (ketoglutaric acid) is broken down by an enzyme
producing a four-carbon compound called (succinic acid) forming NADH and
ATP. The waste product of this process is carbon dioxide.
4. The four carbon-compound molecule is rearranged forming malic acid and
high-energy electrons are formed including the electron carriers NADH and
FADH2 (flavine adenine dinucleotide).
5. The removal of hydrogen ion from a malic acid causes the regeneration of
oxaloacetic acid, and the cycle is completed.
 Electron transport chain
 a series
of electron transporters
embedded in the inner
mitochondrial membrane that
shuttles electrons from NADH
and FADH2 to molecular
oxygen
 Inner membrane

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 Summary
 The products of cellular respiration
including glycolysis: pyruvate, carbon
dioxide, water and 36 ATP’s.

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 Summary
Stages of Starting Final
CO2 ATP FADH2 NADH
Respiration Materials Materials
2 pyruvic
Glycolisis 1 glucose - 2 - 2
acids
Conversion
of Acetyl 2 pyruvic 2 acetyl CO2 x 2 = NADH x 2
- -
CoA from acids CoA 2 =2
pyruvic acid
2 acetyl No Final 2 CO2 x 2 FADH2 x 2 3 NADH x
Krebs Cycle ATP x 2 = 2
CoA Product =4 =2 2=6
Total 6 CO2 4 ATP 2 FADH2 10 NADH

3 ATP X 10 NADH = 30 ATP 34 ATP + 4 ATP (from glycolysis and krebs

2 ATP X 2 FADH2 = 4 ATP cycle) = 38 ATP per glucose
30 ATP + 4 ATP = 34 ATP
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38 ATP – 2 ATP = 36 ATP
thank you!

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