Tourism Planning

What is tourism planning?

 In recent decades many places have turned
to travel and tourism as a way to improve
their economic and social conditions.
(examples: developing countries encouraging tourism)

 Tourism in not an automatic cure for social and

economic conditions, and it can sometimes lead to
other problems itself.
Africa’s Tourism Set to Boost Economic Growth, Create
New Jobs, and Now Outpace Other Regions for New
Tourism Investment
 October 3, 2013 – Sub Saharan Africa’s tourism industry is set
to spur more economic growth for the continent and directly
employ 6.7 million people by 2021, according to a new World
Bank report released today.

 The report—Tourism in Africa: Harnessing Tourism for Growth

and Improved Livelihoods—says that tourism accounted directly
or indirectly for one in every 20 jobs in Sub Saharan Africa in
2011, and is one of the few industries on the continent in which
women are well represented as employees and managers. Sub
Saharan Africa is outpacing other regions in tourism growth.
Tourism Planning &
Development – A Case Study
on Sustainability-Philippines
1. List some examples where you think tourism has
been planned for in an effective manner.
2. List some examples where you think tourism has
not been planned for in an effective manner.
3. What are some implications of ineffective planning
and development of tourism activities?
Group Activity
 Discuss the following:
 What are the provinces/areas in the
Philippines showing effective tourism
planning? Those which shows
ineffective tourism planning?
 What are the indicators that they have
an effective and ineffective planning?
 Justifyyour answers with
evidences(documents both written and
visuals i.e., articles from research
journals, news, etc.)
 Choose a reporter who will present a
maximum of 15 mins presentation next
meeting.
Assignment:
 Justify the following statement. Research
and collate possible research journals and
documents (at least 3 for each concept).
Please place all your references.
 Tourism in not an automatic cure for
social and economic conditions, and it
can sometimes lead to other problems
itself.
What is tourism planning?
 There must be careful planning and
consideration of the costs and benefits of
the tourism activity/facility.

 A tourism plan provides an overall vision

social and economic goals for the area that
wants to grow its tourism, and it provides a
roadmap for the years ahead.
 Planning
Murphy (1985) suggests:

Planning is concerned with anticipating and

regulating change in a system to promote orderly
development so as to increase the social, economic
and environmental benefits of the development
process. To do this, planning becomes ‘an ordered
sequence of operations, designed to lead to the
achievement of either a single goal or to a balance
between several goals’ (p.156).
 Tourism planning
Spanoudis (1982) proposes that:

Tourism planning must always proceed within

the framework of an overall plan for the
development of an area’s total resources; and
local conditions and demands must be satisfied
before any other considerations are met
(p.314).
The components of the tourism planning
process
 What is tourism planning?
Bad Planning Good Planning
 Lead to overcrowding Increase employment
of local facilities  Raises incomes and improves the

 Hurts the natural quality of life

 Development of infrastructures
environment
 Stimulate local business
 Commodification of
 Increase government revenues
local culture and loss of  Preserve cultural and natural
cultural identity resources
·Inflate local land  Promote environmental protection
values  
 Increase prices of
goods and services for
local residents
 The world is not such a lonely planet
anymore but the very resources we
promote through tourism are in danger
of degradation.
 Visiting a yurt in eastern
Tibet, trekking to a remote
village in Timbuktu in Mali,
kayaking the seas of the
Caribbean and South
Pacific- they are all
amazing and create a
sense of awe for the
environment and different
cultures.
 When a community welcomes you with
warm smiles, you sample local cuisine,
see an ancient historic site - you will not
be the only one to do so - but you can
ensure it is preserved and protected for
future generations.
 When you see a lagoon
floating with garbage or
a once beautiful
landscape paved with
concrete you also
realize that if principles
of sustainable tourism
are not put into action,
then each one of these
destinations will lose
their appeal,
environmental beauty
and ultimately, their
profitability.
In order to develop a sustainable tourism and
travel industry,
some key areas to consider include:

•sound financial and business planning

environmental management
•sensitivity to cultural and social dynamics
•efficient management, training and customer
service
 •consideration and inclusion of all
stakeholders
 •long term vision and good joined-up
governance
 •marketing and communications
programs to showcase the positive
elements
 Is sustainable tourism achievable?

Tourism will never be completely

sustainable as every industry has
impacts, but it can work towards
becoming more sustainable.
 ISSUE:
 Asmore regions and countries develop
their tourism industry, it produces significant
impacts on natural resources, consumption
patterns, pollution and social systems. The
need for sustainable/responsible planning
and management is imperative for the
industry to survive as a whole.
 TOURISM IMPACTS:

 •Over 1 billion people travelled

internationally in 2012 and this is
expected to reach 1.5 billion by 2020
 •The average international tourist
receipt is over US$700 per person
 Travel and tourism represents
approximately 10% of total global Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) (if it include
tourism related business (eg catering,
cleaning)
 •The global travel and tourism industry
creates approximately 10% of the
world's employment (direct & indirect)
 •Atleast 25 million people spread over
52 countries are displaced by violence,
persecution and/or disasters - tourism
receipts in every country are affected by
this.
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS:

 •Although the Bellagio hotel in Las Vegas

recycles its water - it still uses 12 million litres of
water per year in a water scarce region
 •Buying local could achieve a 4-5% reduction in
GHG emissions due to large sources of C02 and
non C02 emissions during the production of food
•
 Theaverage Canadian household used
326 liters of water per day....a village of
700 in a developing country uses an
average of 500 litres of water per month
AND a luxury hotel room guest uses
1800 litres of water per person per
night...
 •The average person in the UK uses
approximately 150 litres of water per day -
3 times that of a local village in Asia
 •A species of animal or plant life
disappears at a rate of one every three
minutes
 •70% of marine mammals are threatened
 The Western world (with 17% of the
worlds' population) currently consumes
52% of total global energy.
 •1 acre of trees absorbes 2. 6tonnes of
CO2 per year
 •58% of the worlds coral reefs are at risk.
2010 was the warmest year on record
 By 2050 climate change could have
directly led to the extinction of 30% of
species, the death of 90% of coral reefs
and the loss of half the Amazon
rainforest.
 •Since 1970 a third of the natural world
has been destroyed by human activity
 •Half the world's population lives in
urban areas and this figure is expected
to increase. In Latin America and the
Caribbean, 76% of the population live in
urban areas
 •10% of the worlds coral reefs are in the
Caribbean - most under threat
 •By 2036, there will be 1200 million cars
on earth - double the amount today
 •A European uses 14x more energy
than someone living in India
 •For every 1 degree rise in temperature
above 34 degrees Celsius, yields of
rice, maize and wheat in tropical areas
could drop by 10%
 •Every day we dump 90 million tons of
carbon pollution into our atmosphere
 •Although 70% of the earth's surface is
water, only 3% is potable
Sources: FOC, 2002, WTO, 2000 & 2002, UNWTO, 2011,
www.risingtide.co.uk, 2004, UN, 2003, Gov't of Canada, 2005,
Tourism Concern, 2011, Science Msusuem, 2006, Reefs at
Risk, WRI,2011), Journal of Environmental Science and
Technology, 2011)
SOLUTION:
 Sustainable tourism is about re-focusing and
adapting. A balance must be found between limits
and usage so that continuous changing, monitoring
and planning ensure that tourism can be managed.
This requires thinking long-term (10, 20+ years) and
realizing that change is often cumulative, gradual and
irreversible. Economic, social and environmental
aspects of sustainable development must include the
interests of all stakeholders including indigenous
people, local communities, visitors, industry and
government.
 TIPS
for becoming a carbon
conscious traveler
 When on holiday or a trip – reducing
energy will reduce carbon:

 Turn off your lights when you leave your

hotel room
 Put on a Sweater
Wear more clothes instead of turning up
the thermostat.
 Turn off Your Computer

 Shutoff your computer when not in use.

Conserve energy by using your
computer's "sleep mode" instead of a
screensaver.
 UnplugUnused Electronics (even your
mobile phone)

 Take Shorter Showers

 Takequick showers using less hot

water means using less energy.
 Air Dry Your Clothes

Instead of using the dryer, line‐dry your

clothes which will reduce energy
 Recycle

Recycle paper, plastic and glass.

 Buy Organic Food

There are chemicals used in modern agriculture

pollute that pollute the water supply, and require
energy to produce.
 Bring Cloth Bags to the Market

Use cloth or reusable bags when shopping instead

of plastic or paper bags.
 Buy Products Locally

Reduce the amount of energy required to drive

your products to your store.

 Buy Minimally Packaged Goods

Buy products with less packaging or buy in bulk.

 Buy produce that is in season

Less energy is wasted for the production

of out of season produce
 When traveling by plane:

 Fly less
Reduce how much you fly by even one or two trips a year that
will reduce youremissions significantly – videoconference if
you can… or if you need to fly:
Try to fly direct (this will reduce your emissions)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Offset your flight

Neutralize your carbon emissions by

offsetting your flight.
 When travelling anywhere else:
 Use public transportation wherever
possible, such as the train, bus, cycle,
or just walk.
 Plan Ahead
Do several errands in one trip, carpool,
and use uncongested routes.
 Change Your Air Filter
Check your car's air filter monthly to increase your fuel
economy.
Buy or rent a Hybrid Car
Hybrids save an enormous amount of CO2 and money. Plug ‐in
hybrids can save even more.
Buy a Fuel Efficient Car (Fuel efficient cars use less fuel per
mile or km)

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 InflateYour Tires
Check them monthly and keep them at the
maximum recommended pressure.
 Don't Idle in Your Car
Except when in traffic, turn your engine off if
you must wait for more than 30 seconds.
Do not idle the car if it is cold, drive as
soon as you start the car.
 Lose weight
Remove car racks and other objects that add
on unnecessary weight.
 Reduce the air conditioning
Don’t keep the windows open when the air
conditioning is on. Try to reduce the usage
of air conditioning because it increases fuel
consumption, use the air vents instead.
 Cruise Control
 Use the cruise control function when
possible, especially on long journeys.
Sharp breaking and accelerating wastes
fuel.
 Copyright © 2009 Sustaining Tourism ‐ sustainabletourism.net
 Sustaining Tourism’s Guide to Being
a Responsible Traveller
•Be considerate - of the communities and
environment you visit.
•Don't litter. Try to carry your own shopping
bag to avoid contributing to the plastic
problem in many countries of the world.
 •Try to avoid excessive waste and the use of
plastic bottles (in many countries there is no way
of disposing of these, therefore creating plastic
mountains due to tourism).
 •Reduce energy consumption. Unplug your
mobile phone charger, turn off the lights...
 •Conserve water. Take shorter showers... the
average hotel guest uses over 300 litres of water
per night! In a luxury hotel it is approx. 1800 litres!
 •Always ask before taking photographs. If
someone says no, respect their wishes.
 •Educate yourself about the place you
are visiting and the people.
 •Respect cultural differences - and learn
from it! People in different places do
things differently - don't try to change
them - enjoy them.
 •Dress respectively. Cover up away from the
beach. Cover your head in religious places.
Notice local dress codes and adhere to them.
 •Do not purchase or eat endangered species
(e.g. turtle egg soup, crocodile handbags)
 •Support the local economy. Buy locally made
souvenirs, eat at local restaurants - enjoy the
local culture!
 •Do not give pens, candy or other gifts to local
children - it fosters a begging economy. If you wish to
donate, contact a local school or tour operator who
can ensure the gifts are distributed fairly and properly.
 •Do not support the illegal drug trade or the sex trade.
 •Take public transit. Or if you must rent a car - why
not a hybrid or electric one if available? Support a
local charity or organization that works towards
responsible
 •Before you go, ask your travel provider (tour
operator, travel agent) about the company's
environmental and responsible tourism policies -
support those who support responsible tourism.
 •Ask your accommodation provider (hotel, guest
house, lodge) about their sustainability practices
- do they compost? Recycle? Do they have fair
labour laws? Do they have an environmental
policy?
 •Support responsible tourism organizations -
those operators who publicly are aiming to
make tourism more responsible.
 •Support local organizations – either in the
place you visit or where you live
© 2008 www.sustainabletourism.net

•
Who is involved in tourism
planning?
Developing the tourist potential for an area is
typically a joint effort between:
PUBLIC SECTOR – (various levels of
Government)
PRIVATE SECTOR – (For-Profit
Businesses and Individuals)
What does the public sector do?
The Role of the Public Sector is to make the area
desirable for the private sector to invest. This
includes:
 Constructing Workable Infrastructures
(Transportation, water, sewage, parks)

 Providing Services
        (Education, health care, recreational)
 Promoting and Marketing the Region
 Providing Incentives
 - Financial (low interest loans)

- Reduction in Costs (reduced tax on building

materials, lower land costs, risk-free marketing, )
What does the private sector do?
 They base their tourism planning decisions
on what the tourists ‘want’ and ‘will buy’
 They could be a large-scale private business
(like a hotel chain) that is looking for new
areas to expand into, or it can be a small-
scale private business (bed & breakfast)
 What are the steps
Ideally a tourism plan accomplishes the
following:
1. What is the goal for increasing
tourism , what is the business
situation – past, present and future,
what is the market like
2. Prepare a Preliminary Plan
3. Approval of plan by stakeholders
4. Developing a final plan
5. Completing the project
 Means of achieving tourism
planning
Tourism planning reveals that it operates at three levels:
The site
The destination
The region.
Tourism planning provide a set of guidelines for the actions
of :
The government
Private sector organizations, corporations, businesses
Interest groups
Host communities
In a commitment to the achievement of a
satisfactory tourism planning policy it is common
for sets of objectives to focus on the following
issues:

 Economic
- To optimize the contribution of tourism and
recreation to economic prosperity, full
employment, regional economic development, and
improved international balance of payments.
 Socia-Cultural
- To contribute to the personal growth and
education of the population and encourage
their appreciation of the local geography,
history, and ethnic diversity.
 - To avoid encouraging activities that have the
potential to undermine or denigrate the social
and cultural values and resources of the area
and its traditions and lifestyles.
 Market Development
 - To encourage the free entry of foreign
visitors, while balancing this goal with
the need to monitor persons and goods
entering the country with laws
protecting public health.
 Resource Protection and Conservation
 - To protect and preserve the historical and cultural
foundations as a living part of community life and
development and to ensure future generations an
opportunity to enjoy the rich heritage of the area.
 - To ensure the compatibility of tourism,
recreational, and activity policies with other broader
interests in energy development and conservation,
environmental protection, and judicious use of
natural resources.
 Human Resource Development
 - To ensure that tourism has an
adequate supply of professionally-
trained skilled and managerial staff to
meet its future needs.
 - To ensure that the education and
training programmes and materials are
available to meet the needs of tourism.
 Government Operations
 - To coordinate government activities
related to tourism
 - To take a leadership role
 - To support the needs of tourists,
residents and tourism businesses with
appropriate legislation and administration.
Thank You