Discovering Knowledge

Knowledge
Management System
and Technologies

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 1

 Discovering Knowledge

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND SHARING

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 2

 Discovering Knowledge

Chapter Objectives
• Fundamentals of Knowledge Transfer
• Knowing-Doing Gap
• Guidelines for Successful KT and Sharing
• Tools and Procedures
• The Role of Planning

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 3

 Discovering Knowledge

Knowledge Transfer and Sharing after Testing

& Deployment
Intelligence
Capture Tools
gathering Shells, tables,
Programs, books,
articles, experts tools, frames
maps, rules

KNOWLEDGE
CAPTURE Knowledge
(Creation) Codification

Testing And
DATABASES
Deployment

Explicit
Knowledge GOAL IS
INNOVATION

KNOWLEDGE EDGE
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER &
Applications SHARING KNOWLEDGE
BASE

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 4

 Discovering Knowledge

Fundamentals of KT (1/2)
• Should be a daily, integral part of a
learning organization.
• Transmitting (or conveying) the
knowledge of one source to another
source and the appropriate use of
the transmitted knowledge
• Goal is to promote/facilitate
knowledge sharing, increase
collaboration and networking.

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 5

 Discovering Knowledge

Fundamentals of KT (2/2)
• By working together,
communicating, learning by doing,
embedding knowledge through
procedures, or document exchanges
• Sources: knowledge bases, experts,
etc.
• Media: LAN, secure/insecure lines,
encrypted/plain text, etc.
• Consumers: another application, a
manager, a customer, etc.

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 6

 Discovering Knowledge

Knowing-Doing Gap
• A situation where an organization
knows what to do, but ignore the
information available and perform
differently
• Knowing about this problem should
help organizations make corrections
• Set up a KT and sharing environment
to benefit all employees

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 7

 Discovering Knowledge

Partial View of a Knowledge Transfer and

Sharing Scenario in An Organization
Knowledge Sources Knowledge Consumers
Transfer
KBS KB Customer
Applications Services

Expert
Knowledge
Repositories
Workers

Trainers Knowledge
Applications
Products

Computerized
Educational Patents
Systems Technology

Customer Service
Representatives,
© Bahria University 2018 Sales FieldDepartment
Service of Computer Science | Bahria University 8
 Discovering Knowledge

Guidelines for Successful KT and

Sharing(1/3)
• Building an Atmosphere of Trust
within the Organization
• Collaboration/Cooperation
• Creating the Culture to
Accommodate Change

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 9

 Discovering Knowledge

Guidelines for Successful KT and

Sharing(2/3)
• Reasoning (why to do) BEFORE
Processing (how to do)
• Knowing how the Organization
handles Mistakes
• Doing is BETTER than Talking

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 10

 Discovering Knowledge

Guidelines for Successful KT and

Sharing(3/3)
• How Management view and
reward Knowledge Transfer
• Determine Employee Job
Satisfaction
– Degree of match between
vocational needs and job
requirements

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 11

 Discovering Knowledge

Employee’s Vocational Needs (1/2)

• Ability Utilization
• Advancement
• Level of Achievement
• Level of Creativity
• Compensation
• Independence
• Authority (supervision)

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 12

 Discovering Knowledge

Employee’s Vocational Needs (2/2)

• Level of responsibility
• Recognition
• Status
• Job Security
• Variety
• Work conditions

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 13

 Discovering Knowledge

Employee’s Job Satisfaction: A

Conceptual Model

What the job offers

employee
Yes
High incentive
Match ?

Employee’s Low incentive

vocational needs No
met by the job

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 14

 Discovering Knowledge

Converting Experience Into Knowledge via

KT
Action

GOAL Perform a Compare action

task OUTCOME to outcome

Feedback new
knowledge Select transfer
method
Face to
face/verbal
New recipient

Knowledge Form
base
© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 15
 Discovering Knowledge

Strategies of Knowledge Transfer (1/3)

• Collective sequential transfer —specialized
team performs same function at other sites

Team worked on a Feedback

project at Site A

Evaluate the
knowledge gained

Revise/redesign each
Evaluate each member’s assignment Same team
member’s action to reflect knowledge works on similar
before the next job gained from previous project at Site B
job

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 16

 Discovering Knowledge

Strategies of Knowledge Transfer (2/3)

• Explicit Inter-team Transfer — one team
shares experience with another working on
a similar job at another site
Team C worked on a
project at Site C Team D shares experience
with Team E at Site E

Knowledge capture
through experience

Team C shares
Feedback Team D works on project
experience with Team D
working on project of benefiting from Team C’s
similar nature at Site D experience

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 17

 Discovering Knowledge

Strategies of Knowledge Transfer (3/3)

• Tacit knowledge transfer — unique in
complex, non-algorithmic projects, where
knowledge is mentally stored
TEAM A TEAM B
Tacit
of 11 specialists knowledge of 18 specialists
transfer
AUSTRALIA INDONESIA

• Knowledge have to be modified in

language, tone, and content to be usable

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 18

 Discovering Knowledge

Role of Internet in Knowledge

Transfer & Sharing
• Accommodates knowledge
exchange and communication
• Allows sending messages to
multiple persons
simultaneously
• Offers a variety of services
• Integrates systems and
networks

© Bahria University 2018 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 19