Patterns

of
Development
Narration
- describes how, when, and where
an event or occurrence actually
happened

- Sequential presentation of events

is observed.
Narration
- uses transition such as first,
then, soon, after, and suddenly
which maintain coherence and
show movement from one event to
the next
 I took up the river road as hard as I
could put. By and by I begin to hear guns
a good ways off. When I came in sight of
the log store and the woodpile where the
steamboats lands I worked along under
the trees and brush till I got to a good
place, and then I climb up into the forks
of a cottonwood that was out of reach,
and watched. There was a wood-rank
four foot high a little ways in front of the
tree, and first I was going to hide behind
that; but maybe it was luckier I didn’t.
Narration
Narratives contain story
components – characters, setting,
conflict, climax, and resolution.
Elements
of a
Story
1. Setting

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 Setting Details can
describe:
• The setting describes  Time of day
where and when the  Time of year
story takes place.  Time in
History
• It helps build  Scenery
background and create  Weather
images in the mind.  Location
• It helps set the tone or
mood of the story.

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2. Characters

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 Every story needs
Characters…

People Animals Creatures

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The protagonist is the
“good guy”.
The antagonist is the
“bad guy” or force.
 Characterization
- is the way in which
an author shows the
personality of a
character.

- is a technique
writers use to make
characters “come to
life”.
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 Characterization
A writer can tell you directly about a
character… (Freddy was very competitive.)

Or

A writer can tell you indirectly about a

character… (Two days before the game,
Freddy gathered his teammates and laid out
his plan. Then he looked at them and said,
“We are going to win this one. No excuses.”)
 Direct Characterization
• - tells the reader the • “The patient boy and
personality of the the quiet girl were
character both well behaved and
• - is obvious to the did not disobey their
reader and “spells” it mother.
right out
 Indirect Characterization
• - shows things that The boy sat next to
reveal the his sister as she
personality of the poked him and
character teased him. He did
not react. He
• Speech carefully picked up
• her doll from the
Thought
floor and placed it on
• Effect on Others her lap saying gently,
• Actions “Here you go, why
• Looks don’t you play with
your doll?”
 Factors in Analyzing Characters
• Physical appearance/what they
look like
• Personality & Character Traits
• Background/personal history
• Motivation/Why do they act?
• Relationships
• Conflict or struggles
• Does the character change?
• What do they think and feel?
• How do others feel about them?
 Example of poem
Character Poem Snow White,
Beautiful, giving, loving,
First name ________________________ unhappy
Four traits ________________________
The Queen, her wicked
Related to:________________________
Cares deeply for _____________________ stepmother
Who feels ________________________ The seven dwarfs
Who needs ________________________ Safe in the forest
Who gives _________________________ The love of a Prince
Who would like to see __________________ Love to the seven dwarfs
Resident of ________________________ Goodness throughout the
kingdom
The forest.

Identifying Character Traits Worksheet: http://www.readwritethink.org/lesson_images/lesson175/RWT186-2.pdf

3. Plot

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 Plot

Plot - the events that take place in a story.

Every story needs a plot. The plot has
different “parts”.
 Plot Components
Climax: the turning point, the most
intense moment—either mentally or in
action

Rising Action: the series of Falling Action: all of the

events and conflicts in the action which follows the
story that lead to the climax climax

Exposition: the start of the Resolution: the conclusion,

story, before the action starts the tying together of all of the
threads
The climax is the most
exciting part!!
 Special Techniques of Plot…

• Suspense- excitement or tension

• Flashback- interrupts the normal sequence of

events to tell about something that happened in
the past
• Surprise Ending- conclusion that reader does
not expect
• Foreshadowing…
A hint about what will happen
next is called foreshadowing

For example, if you hear this:

Then you know someone’s about to get

eaten!
Conflict

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 Conflict
• Conflict is the
“battle” between
two forces.

• Conflict isn’t
always bad.
Sometimes it
helps to create
change.
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Conflict
Conflict is the struggle between
two forces in a story. Without
conflict, there is no plot.
 Types of Conflict
Character vs Character

Character vs Nature

Character vs Society

Character vs Self
Types Of Conflict…a deeper look

1.Character vs. Character

(problem with another character)

2. Character vs. Nature

(problem with force of nature)

3. Character vs. Society

(problem with the laws or beliefs of a group)
(character vs. community, society or culture)

4. Character vs. Self

(problem with deciding what to

do or think; “inner conflict”)

 4. Point of View

Point of view of a
story is the
perspective from
which a story is told.
• First Person Point of View
- using “I” or “We”
• Second Person Point of View
- Using “You”; the least common
point of view
• Third Person Point of View
- “he”, “she”, or “it” which can be
limited or omniscient
 5. Moral or Theme
The moral or theme is the idea that
runs through the story. It often
teaches a lesson.
 Examples of Themes

Dreams can
come true True love Hard work pays
conquers off
all

Good
Be true to defeats
yourself evil