NETWORK MANAGEMENT & SECURITY

(CIT4035)

LECTURE 2 PART 2– IPV4 AND SUBNETTING

PRESENTER: KEVIN JOHNSON

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA (SCIT)

 IPv4 address
Subnet Mask
Basics
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
Variable
Custom
Length
Subnetting
Subnet Mask
WHAT IS AN IPV4
ADRESS?

 An Internet Protocol Version 4

address (IPv4) - is a 32 bit
dotted decimal number that
uniquely identifies a host on a
network.
 It is composed of four(4) octets
containing eight bits each
separated by a period.
 It is the means through which
devices connected to a network
communicate with each other.
  An IP address typically can be divided into two parts
namely;
WHAT IS AN IPV4
ADRESS? 1. Network – identifies the network segment. The number
of octets in the network portion of the IP address
CONT’D
determines the number of networks you can have.
2. Host – identifies the devices that can be connected to
the network. The number of octets associated with the
host portion of the address will determine the number
of devices that can be connected to the network.
WHAT IS AN IPV4
ADRESS? CONT’D

 IP address classes
 The three main classes
we are concerned about
are A, B, and C. These
together form the
majority of computer
networks around the
world.
 Private addresses
 These address are not routable on the Internet.
 Organizations uses these private address on their
internal networks.
 So for data to be transmitted to a host outside the
network, there must be a Network Address Translator
PRIVATE IP (NAT) device.
ADDRESS
  All devices on the same network segment share the
same broadcast domain.
 Hence the more devices connected to this segment the
more congested the network becomes.
 So in an effort to create efficient network, we break
the large network segment into smaller more
SUBNET MASK manageable pieces called Subnets. This effectively
creates smaller broadcast domains.
The bits of the subnet mask are defined as follows:
 All bits that correspond to the network ID are set to 1.
 All bits that correspond to the host ID are set to 0.
 Default Subnet Mask

SUBNET MASK
CONT’D
SUBNETS Subnets can be represented as follows;
REPRESENTATIONS o Classless Interdomain Routing – CIDR
Example - 134.76.59.0/24
o Dotted decimal numbers
Example – 255.255.255.192
SUBNETS
REPRESENTATIONS
LET’S PLAY SOME 10.1.0.255
GAMES!
190.16.221.0

Valid IP addresses
18.0.0.256
How many of these IP
addresses are valid for a
host? 172.16.8.90

128.1.255.255

127.255.1.255
LET’S PLAY SOME 10.1.0.202_____
GAMES!
190.16.21.10_____

IP address Class! 18.0.56.256 ____

What is the class of each
IP address?
172.0.80.90______

222.1.200.200_____

198.25.251.255_______
LET’S PLAY SOME 177.100.18.4
GAMES!
119.16.45.5

Network Identification!
209.18.240.206
Please identify by circling
the network portion of
each address. 217.0.72.0

99.99.99.99

126.2.1.0
LET’S PLAY SOME
GAMES! 188.10.18.2 27.125.200.151
255.255.0.0
255.0.0.0
______ ______
Network Address
Identification!
10.10.48.80
200.120.135.15
Using the IP address and 255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
associated subnet mask ______
determine the Network ______
Address
192.149.24.191
255.255.255.0

_____
CUSTOM SUBNET MASK

A custom subnet mask borrows bits from the host portion of the address to create a
subnetwork address between the network and host portions of an IP address. In this
example each range has 14 usable addresses in it. The computer must still AND the IP
address against the custom subnet mask to see what the network portion is and which
subnetwork it belongs to.
IP Address: 192 . 100 . 10 . 0
Custom Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240
Address Ranges: 192.10.10.0 to 192.100.10.15
192.100.10.16 to 192.100.10.31
192.100.10.32 to 192.100.10.47 (Range in the sample below)
192.100.10.48 to 192.100.10.63
192.100.10.64 to 192.100.10.79
192.100.10.80 to 192.100.10.95
192.100.10.96 to 192.100.10.111
192.100.10.112 to 192.100.10.127
192.100.10.128 to 192.100.10.143
192.100.10.144 to 192.100.10.159
192.100.10.160 to 192.100.10.175
192.100.10.176 to 192.100.10.191
192.100.10.192 to 192.100.10.207
192.100.10.208 to 192.100.10.223
192.100.10.224 to 192.100.10.239
192.100.10.240 to 192.100.10.255
HOW TO DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF SUBNETS AND HOSTS?

 The number of subnets created by borrowing host bits can be calculated using the
formula;
#of subnets = 2s where s = # of borrowed bits or bits that were
turned on (i.e. turn to 1)
 The number of hosts per subnet can be determined using the formula;

#of hosts = 2 h – 2 where h = # of host bits or 0 bits (bits not were not
turned during the making of the subnets
 Problem 1
Number of needed subnets
Number of needed usable hosts
Network Address
Address class
Default subnet mask
Custom subnet mask
Total number of subnets
Total number of host addresses
Number of usable addresses
Number of bits borrowed
14
14
192.10.10.0
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 Problem 2
Number of needed subnets
Number of needed usable hosts
Network Address
Address class
Default subnet mask
Custom subnet mask
Total number of subnets
Total number of host addresses
Number of usable addresses
Number of bits borrowed
6
30
210.100.56.0
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