ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

‘Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC)’

Quantitative and qualitative indicators:

Quantitative and qualitative indicators In many documents that are

issued in accordance with the legislation by local authorities, various
departments responsible for environmental protection, the most
important rules for environmental management are established. They
are aimed at maintaining a high quality environment, which is
determined by the totality of indicators of its condition. For example,
the following data are taken into account: MPC of atmospheric air,
amount of harmful substances in the territories of production zones,
pollution factors of water spaces, etc.  
What is MPC ?
MPC is the maximum permissible concentration of various substances and physical effects that
pollute the environment. Among these may be natural chemicals, the content of which is
constantly increasing. These include metals: lead, copper, mercury; elements with toxic effects;
nitrogen and sulfur compounds.
In nature, new substances synthesized by man also appeared. Among the most harmful are
numerous pesticides - drugs used to protect plants and some materials from biological pests.
Mention should be made of nitrites, aromatic hydrocarbons, nitro compounds, which in large
quantities accumulate in water and soil. A real disaster was the pollution of oil and its
derivatives.
Maximum permissible concentration (MPC) maximum number of harmful
substances per unit volume (air, water, other fluids) or weight (food), the receipt of
which is the body's natural ways during the working day at work or a long time in
other conditions does not lead to pathological changes in health status and does not
cause adverse genetic changes in the offspring.
Maximum permissible concentration (MPC) - minimum values of concentrations of
harmful substances in the water or in the air, which the daily effects on the body for
indefinitely long time does not cause any pathological changes or diseases to be
detected by modern means of research. At a substantiation of MPC is based on the
experimental data, materials of dynamic observation of the state of health of groups
of people exposed to various substances concentration in the production process, and
computational methods. This, along with the respiratory (main) by take into account
the possibility of receipt of substances through the skin and the digestive tract.
MPC of substances in water open water bodies and water sources set taking into
account the possible impact of toxic substances on the General sanitary conditions of
water basins, the organoleptic properties of water and health.
When determining the allowable concentrations of substances in the atmospheric air
into account the impact of harmful substances to people of all ages (including
patients) throughout life. MAC radioactive substances defined on the basis of
biological data, taking into account the absorption, distribution, excretion, energy
and half-life of the isotope, solubility compounds, dispersion of substances and the
degree of toxicity.
The modern stage of human development civilization involves a huge number of all
kinds of instruments and aggregates. They significantly increase the comfort of
living and the effectiveness of human life, but they have a significant negative
impact on people and their external environment. Such interaction is characterized by
microclimate condition, level of vibration and noise, as well as the content of
harmful substances in the earth, water and air.
The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) is the approved indicator included
in the regulatory documents that contain the requirements and recommendations of
the state sanitary and hygiene centers for the effective and safe use of natural
resources (air, soil, water). This allows not only to normalize the amount of
emissions from industrial enterprises, but also to calculate the damage that will be
caused to the environment.
Emission Limit:
Having received the answer to the question what is MPC, we can conclude that a
significant part of the pollutants enters the environment as a result of production
activities. The use of advanced technologies, modern systems for the treatment and
disposal of waste can minimize the negative impact. This is what established
standards are aimed at. They are developed in relation to specific territories, taking
into account the characteristics of their ecosystems. At the same time, their ability to
cleanse themselves (the processing of pollutants) is taken into account.
Maximum permissible loads:

These are the maximum anthropogenic impacts. They are established specifically for
each territory, taking into account the ecological capacity of ecosystems. This means
that any use of the territory for the construction of a plant, settlement, agriculture or
forestry should cause the least possible damage to ecosystems. Irreversible
destruction of them is generally unacceptable.
Organization of environmental monitoring:

Special legislative acts establish general environmental requirements for both the design and
operation of facilities of various profiles. Compliance is only possible with the organization of
environmental monitoring, that is, systematic observation of the state of ecosystems, their
abiotic and biotic components. As a result, information is accumulated on all changes that
indicate the quality of the environment.
The organization of environmental monitoring should include monitoring processes of a global
(biosphere) nature, as well as regional and local ones. In Russia, such observations are carried
out for the atmosphere, surface waters, seas, near-Earth space. Particular attention is paid to
the state of air and water bodies in urban ecosystems. The study of natural ecosystems in
various natural areas is only selectively carried out. Such work is carried out by biosphere
reserves.
Steering Committees:

For example:
In Russia there is a system of public authorities in the field of nature protection. Central to
these is the Ministry of Natural Resources. In each subject of the federation, in any
administrative region, there are corresponding committees. They coordinate the activities of
departments that perform certain environmental functions (sanitary and epidemiological
surveillance, hunting, fishing inspection).
Important functions of these bodies are monitoring compliance with laws, as well as
environmental management. The theoretical foundations of nature conservation are being
developed by several organizations, the leading of which is the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Its head environmental institution in the northwestern region of Russia is the Research Center
for Environmental Safety, located in St. Petersburg.
The economic mechanism in nature management:

In recent decades, the problem of the correlation of environmental development and well-being has
become increasingly important in the world. The economy must provide for the needs of people.
However, population growth and urbanization often conflict with the possibilities of nature. This
required the inclusion of an economic mechanism in environmental management.
Economic methods involve strict regulation of all types of environmental management. This is the
establishment of fees for the use of natural resources and the strict determination of the volumes of
each type.
Environment Summit:

The problem is solved in accordance with the natural features of the territory and the
level of resource provision. Wasteful use cannot guarantee the stable development of
any country. At the Rio de Janeiro Summit on the Environment and Sustainable
Development of the Community, these issues were the focus of attention. The
scientists and politicians present at this forum spoke about the need to change the
structure of consumption of natural resources, reduce the consumption of energy and
raw materials, and reduce the amount of waste. This will ensure the stable
development of society and the preservation of the biosphere as a whole.
Environmentalists and biologists also discussed the following issues: what is MPC in
the modern world, what changes need to be made to legislation, etc.
THANKS FOR ATTENTION!