GENDER AND

DEVEPOPMENT
 What is Gender and
Development (GAD)?
(GAD) approach focuses on
socially constructed basis of
differences between men and
women and emphasizes the
need to challenge existing
gender roles and relations
 GENDER EQUALITY

ARE MEN AND WOMEN

EQUAL?
“AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT
PART OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S
IDENTITY AND ONE THAT
BEGINS
AT LEAST AT BIRTH, IS
GENDER.
-- Dr. Kenneth Cushner, American Professor
Human Diversity In Education: An Intercultural Approach
 SEX GENDER
Categorized as male or Masculinity and femininity
female  Socially, culturally and
 Biological historically determined
 Fixed at birth  Learned through
* Does not change socialization
across time and space  Varies over time and space
 Equally valued  Unequally valued
(masculinity as the norm)
“Sex is a biological characteristics;
gender is a social characteristics.

-Cushner, 2012
Gender identity includes knowledge of a
large set of rules and expectations for
what boys and girls should wear, how
they should speak and act, and their
‘place’ in the overall structure of the
society.
Cushner, 2012
GENDER ROLE
CAN BE
AFFECTED BY:
- Race
- ethnicity
- social class
- religion and
- geographical region
 MYTH OR
TRUTH
If a father does the household work,
he is considered as “under the saya.”
 MYTH OR
TRUTH
Men are better leaders and
administrators than women.
 MYTH OR
TRUTH
It is the woman’s fault if she is
being
harassed sexually when she is
wearing skimpy clothing.
 MYTH OR
TRUTH
It is not proper for a girl to say
“I love you” first to a boy.
 MYTH OR
TRUTH
The mother should be the only
one
responsible for child-rearing and
parenting.
Socialization – is the process by
which social norms, roles and
expectations are learned and
internalized.
Gender Socialization – is the
process by which norms and
expectations in relation to
gender are learned by women
and men.
Gender stereotype – a form of
prejudgment, bias or limitation
given to roles and expectations of
males and females.
GENDER INVOLVES
THE
DIFFERENTIATIONS
attributed by a given culture to women
and men, in the following aspects:
1. social roles
2. capacities
3. traits and characteristics
1. Gender Stereotype in Social Roles
Men Women
 provides financially for • takes care of the house
the family
and children
 Works as managers,
construction builders, • Works as nurse, teacher,
engineers secretary
 Portrayed as leaders
• Portrayed as followers
 2. Gender Stereotype in Capacities
Men Women
 good in Math and • good in arts and less
Science intellectual pursuits

 Physically strong • Physically weaker and

Fragile
 Firm decision-makers
• Wishy-washy or fickle
minded in decision-making
3. Gender Stereotypes in Traits and
Characteristics
Men Women
 active • passive
 aloof • Loving
 Aggressive • Peaceful
 Independent • Dependent
 brave • fearful
AREAS OR CHANNEL OF
SOCIALIZATION
1.Family
2.Church
3.Mass Media
4.School
Thank
You!!!