Types of Automobiles

Firing order
 Firing order
The firing order is the sequence of power delivery of
each cylinder in a multi-cylinder reciprocating
engine. This is achieved by sparking of the spark
plugs in a gasoline engine in the correct order, or by
the sequence of fuel injection in a Diesel engine.
When designing an engine, choosing an appropriate
firing order is critical to minimizing vibration and
achieving smooth running, for long engine fatigue
life and user comfort, and heavily influences
crankshaft design.
 Piston Rings
Purpose:
• Seal to prevent loss of compression
pressure
• Transfer heat of combustion to cylinder
walls
• Support/guide piston in bore
Construction Materials
Cast Iron
Steel

Coatings
Porous Chrome
Molybdenum
Black Oxide
 Piston Rings

Top Compression
Top
Top

Napier
Middle

Bottom Oil Control

Bottom Oil Control
• A cylinder liner is a cylindrical part to be fitted
into an engine block to form a cylinder. It is
one of the most important functional parts to
make up the interior of an engine. 
This is called Cylinder liner in Japan, but some
countries(or companies) call this Cylinder
sleeve.These are main functions of Cylinder
Liners.
 (1)Formation of sliding surface

(2)Heat transfer

(3)Compression gas sealing