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Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G.

Maldupana
Climate Change Science,
Impacts, and Solutions
Presentation to:
Cool Science International
December 4, 2021 | Saturday | 4:00 PM
EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Climate Reality Leader
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Mental Health Advisory
Climate Anxiety or Eco-Anxiety is a real thing.

Whatever you will hear from this presentation,


please remember that there is still hope, but we
need to do our part as environmental stewards.

Positive action is a remedy to climate anxiety.


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Outline of Presentation
1. Introduction
2. The Science of Climate Change
3. The Impacts of Climate Change
4. The Irreversible Impacts of Climate Change
5. Hope
6. Call to Action
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Brief History

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


• The universe is about 13.8 billion years old.
https://www.newscientist.com/question/how-old-is-the-universe/
• The earth is about 4.55 billion years old.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-science-figured-out-the-age-of-the-earth/
• Oldest stone tools appeared 3.3 million years ago (start of pre-historic period)
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14464
• Humans (homo sapiens), or anatomically modern humans, first appeared about 315,000 years ago.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2017.22114 (nomadic hunter-gatherers)
• The Neolithic Revolution or Agricultural Revolution began 12,000 years ago.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/neolithic-agricultural-revolution
• The Industrial Revolution, or the rapid mechanization and industrial production, started in 1770 following
the invention of the steam engine and the Second Agricultural Revolution.

Plan 201: Theory and Practice of Planning | Lecturer: EnP.


5
Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Synchronous acceleration of trends from the 1950s to the present day depicting the dramatic acceleration in
human enterprise and the impacts on the Earth system.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
7
Image source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/5b/12/6c/5b126c1ff0eb0b657f60b83f955ac7cb.png
International Geosphere-
Biosphere Programme

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


and Stockholm
Resilience Centre

24 graphs:
12 socio-economic
Changes in human
production and
consumption (as reflected
by GDP, FDI, etc.)
reflected in changes in
the Earth:
12 Earth trends
GHG levels, global
surface temperature,
ocean acidification, etc.

The trajectory of the Anthropocene: The Great Acceleration. Will Steffen, Wendy Broadgate, Lisa Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and Cornelia Ludwig. 20015 Anthropocene Review. Based on Steffen et al. (2004) Global Change
and the Earth System. More information. www.igbp.net. www.stockholmresilience.org. www.futureearth.info. www.globaia.org. www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
OECD = Organisation for
Economic Co-operation
and Development (38

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South Africa

The trajectory of the


Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa
Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene Review
Based on Steffen et al. (2004)
Global Change and the Earth
System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info
Overshoot (1980)

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


• Carrying Capacity – maximum permanently supportable load.
• Cornucopian Myth – euphoric belief in limitless resources.
• Drawdown – stealing resources from the future.
• Cargoism – delusion that technology will always save us from
overshoot.
• Overshoot – growth beyond an area’s carrying capacity, leading to
crash (die-off).

Image source: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/319810.Overshoot

Plan 201: Theory and Practice of Planning | Lecturer: EnP.


33
Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Image source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Alternative-pathways-overshoot-to-collapse-red-lines-or-controlled-contraction-to_fig3_347751965 |
https://pierie.nl/humanity/humanities-future/
Plan 201: Theory and Practice of Planning | Lecturer: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana 34
Planetary Boundaries (2009)

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Boundaries within which humanity can continue to develop and thrive for
generations to come.
1. Stratospheric ozone depletion

* 2. Loss of biosphere integrity (biodiversity loss and extinctions)


3. Chemical pollution and the release of novel entities
4. Climate Change
5. Ocean acidification

* 6. Freshwater consumption and the global hydrological cycle

* 7. Land system change


* 8. Nitrogen and phosphorus flows to the biosphere and oceans
9. Atmospheric aerosol loading
Developed in 2009 by former Stockholm Resilience Institute director Johan
Rockström together with 28 internationally-renowned scientists.
* Biosphere Boundaries
Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2015 | Learn more: https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/planetary-boundaries.html

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Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Image source: https://pages.facebook.com/ploverrovers/photos/a.106516071093440/344578830620495/?type=3&source=48 |
https://pages.facebook.com/earthshakerph/photos/a.1977128075674653/4147243721996400/?type=3&source=48
Plan 201: Theory and Practice of Planning | Lecturer: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana 36
Limits to Growth (1972)

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


• A report by 17 researchers commissioned by the Club of Rome
• A study on the exponential economic and population growth vis-à-vis a
finite supply of resources.
• The study used the World3 computer model based on MIT’s Jay Forrester
as described in his book “World Dynamics”
• Five variables:
• Population
• Food production
• Industrialization
• Consumption of nonrenewable natural resources
• Pollution
• Conclusion: without substantial changes in resource consumption, the
most probable result will be a rather sudden and uncontrollable decline in
both population and industrial capacity.
• Two of the scenarios: overshoot and collapse within the 21 st century

Image source: https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/771303725843509249/tC4Wu2iS_400x400.jpg


37
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/climate-change/563497-mit-predicted-society-would-collapse-by-2040

That method indicated the fall will be some point near the middle in the 21st century around 2040, and so far, their
projections have been on track, new analysis suggests.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
The Science of
Climate Change

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Climate
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the average weather,
or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean
and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging
from months to thousands or millions of years. The relevant quantities
are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation
and wind.

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Climate Change

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate
that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by
changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties
and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or
longer.

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Climate Change Global Warming
Includes warming Refers only to the earth’s rising
AND surface temperature.
The side effects of warming like
melting glaciers, heavy rainstorms,
more frequent drought

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Global Warming
The estimated increase in global mean surface temperature
(GMST) averaged over a 30-year period, or the 30-year
period centered on a particular year or decade, expressed
relative to pre-industrial levels.

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Pre-Industrial
The multi-century period prior to the onset of largescale
industrial activity around 1750.
The reference period 1850–1900 is used to approximate pre-
industrial global mean surface temperature (GMST).

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Solar radiation

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


in the form of light waves
passes through the
atmosphere
Most of this radiation

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


is absorbed by the
Earth and warms it

Some energy is radiated back


into space by the earth in the
form of infrared waves
GHG
Some of this outgoing infrared
radiation is trapped by the earth’s

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


atmosphere and warms it
↑ GHG
As the CO2 concentration increases,
more of the outgoing infrared radiation

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


is trapped.
↑ GHG → ↑ °C

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse gases are those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both
natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at specific
wavelengths within the spectrum of terrestrial radiation emitted by the
Earth’s surface, the atmosphere itself and by clouds. This property causes the
greenhouse effect. Water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous
oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ozone (O3) are the primary GHGs in the
Earth’s atmosphere.

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
A naturally occurring gas, CO2 is also a
by-product of burning fossil fuels (such as oil, gas and coal), burning
biomass, industrial processes (e.g., cement production), and land-use changes
(LUC). It is the principal anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) that affects
the Earth’s radiative balance.

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Since 2011, concentrations have continued to increase in the
atmosphere, reaching annual averages of 410 ppm for
carbon dioxide (CO2)…

IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L.
Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield,
O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.
Global CO2 Levels
(1850-2020)

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


2 Degrees Institute | https://www.co2levels.org/ | https://research.noaa.gov/article/ArtMID/587/ArticleID/2764/Coronavirus-response-barely-slows-rising-carbon-dioxide
Global Temperature Record
(1850-2020)

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


2 Degrees Institute | https://www.co2levels.org/
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
…there is a near-linear relationship between cumulative
anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the global warming they
cause.

Each 1,000 GtCO2 of cumulative CO2 emissions is assessed


to likely cause a 0.27°C to 0.63°C increase in global surface
temperature.

IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L.
Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield,
O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
1.09°C
Global surface temperature was 1.09°C higher in 2011–2020
than 1850–1900, with larger increases over land (1.59°C)
than over the ocean (0.88°C).

IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L.
Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield,
O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield,
O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/climate-ch
ange-global-warming-end-human-civilisation-research-a894353
1.html
Expansion of extremely hot regions in a business-as-usual climate scenario.

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Chi Xu et al. PNAS 2020;117:21:11350-11355

©2020 by National Academy of Sciences


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Sixth Assessment Report Author Team
(6AR) of the Intergovernmental • 234 authors from
Panel on Climate Change • 65 countries
(IPCC) • 28% women
• 72% men
Working Group I Contribution: • 30% new to the IPCC
“Climate Change 2021 – The
Physical Science Basis” Review Process
• 14,000 scientific
Released: Aug. 9, 2021 publications assessed
• 78,000+ review comments
• 46 countries commented on
Final Government
Distribution
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Code Red for Humanity
[The report*] is a code red for humanity. The alarm bells are
deafening, and the evidence is irrefutable: greenhouse gas
emissions from fossil fuel burning and deforestation are
choking our planet and putting billions of people at
immediate risk.
- UN Secretary-General António Guterres
August 9, 2021

* The report: IPCC Working Group 1 Report on the Physical Science Basis of the Sixth Assessment
August 9, 2021 | in url: https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/secretary-generals-statement-the-ipcc-working-group-1-report-the-physical-science-basis-of-
the-sixth-assessment
The Impacts of
Climate Change

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


CANADA: HEAT DOME
June 2021
record high temperature

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


486 dead
JULY 2021:
HOTTEST MONTH ON RECORD

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0.93°C above the 20th century
average of 15.8°C
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
MADAGASCAR:
BACK-TO-BACK DROUGHT
July 2021 - present
400,000 “marching towards starvation”
14,000 in “famine-like” conditions
Madagascar faces the
first famine in modern

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


history to be caused
solely by climate change
alone.
Where is
Climate Justice?

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Every 1°C of warming
increases lightning

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


strikes by 12%.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
OREGON: WILDFIRE
July – August 2021
100% contained
burned for 39 days
1,671 sq.km. burned
408 buildings destroyed
GREECE: WILDFIRE
July to Aug. 2021
burned 110,000 hectares

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


over two weeks
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
CALIFORNIA: WILDFIRE
July 2021 - present
2,331 sq.km. burned
1,100 buildings destroyed
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
SIBERIA: WILDFIRE
July to Aug. 2021
burned 10,000,000 acres
released 800 million tons of CO2
It is virtually certain (99-100% probability) that hot extremes (including
heatwaves) have become more frequent and more intense across most land
regions since the 1950s… with high confidence that human-induced climate

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


change is the main driver…
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Every 1°C of warming
increases the air’s
capacity to hold water
vapor by 7%.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
JAPAN: MUDSLIDE
July 2021
3+ dead, 80 missing
130 houses swept away
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
GERMANY: FLASH FLOOD
July 2021
173 dead, 155 missing
40+ dead
July 2021
BELGIUM: FLASH FLOOD

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
ZHENGZHOU, CHINA: FLOOD
July 2021
292 dead, 47 missing
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
BLACK SEA COAST,
TURKEY: FLOOD
August 2021
77 dead, 34 missing
November 2021
18,000 stranded
CANADA: FLOOD

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
The frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation events have
increased since the 1950s over most land area … (high confidence),
and human-induced climate change is likely the main driver.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
It is unequivocal that human influence has
warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land.
Widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere,
ocean, cryosphere and biosphere have occurred.

IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L.
Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield,
O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
"More than 99.9% of peer-reviewed scientific papers agree that climate change is mainly caused by humans, according to a new survey of
88,125 climate-related studies." https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2021/10/more-999-studies-agree-humans-caused-climate-change
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
400 Impacts of Climate Change
Reference: http://impact.gocarbonneutral.org/
of Climate Change
The Irreversible Impacts

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Ocean Acidification
Ocean acidification refers to a reduction in the pH of the ocean over an
extended period, typically decades or longer, which is caused primarily by
uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere…

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
It is virtually certain (99-100% probability) that human-caused
CO2 emissions are the main driver of current global

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


acidification of the surface open ocean.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
…surface open ocean pH as low
as recent decades is unusual in the last 2 million years
(medium confidence / 5 out of 10 chance).
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Past GHG emissions since 1750 have committed the
global ocean to future warming
(high confidence).

Changes are IRREVERSIBLE on centennial to


millennial time scales in:
global ocean temperature (very high confidence),
deep ocean acidification (very high confidence),
and deoxygenation (medium confidence).
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Sea Level Change (Rise/Fall)
Sea level can change, both globally and locally (relative sea level change)
due to (1) a change in ocean volume as a result of a change in the mass of
water in the ocean, (2) changes in ocean volume as a result of changes in
ocean water density, (3) changes in the shape of the ocean basins and changes
in the Earth’s gravitational and rotational fields, and (4) local subsidence or
uplift of the land.

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Global mean sea level increased by 0.20 m between
1901 and 2018. The average rate of sea level rise was
3.7 mm per year between 2006 and 2018 (high

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


confidence).

Human influence was very likely


the main driver of these increases
since at least 1971.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Global mean sea level has risen faster
since 1900 than over any preceding
century in at least the last 3000 years
(high confidence).
It is virtually certain (99-
100% probability) that global

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


mean sea level will continue
to rise over the 21st century.

the likely global mean sea level rise by 2100 is:


• 0.28-0.55 m under the very low GHG emissions scenario,
• 0.32-0.62 m under the low scenario,
• 0.44-0.76 m under the intermediate scenario, and
• 0.63-1.01 m under the very high scenario.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
In the longer term, sea level is
COMMITTED to rise for centuries to
millennia due to continuing deep ocean
warming and ice sheet melt, and will
remain elevated for thousands of years
(high confidence).
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Glacier Ice Sheet
A perennial mass of ice, and possibly Land ice masses of continental size
firn and snow, (>50,000 km2) that is sufficiently
originating on the land surface by the thick to cover most of the underlying
recrystallisation of snow and showing bed, so that its shape is mainly
evidence of past or present flow. determined by its dynamics…

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Human influence is very likely (90-100% certainty) the main driver

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


of the global retreat of glaciers since the 1990s.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
The global nature of glacier retreat, with almost all of the world’s glaciers
retreating synchronously, since the 1950s is unprecedented in at least the last
2000 years (medium confidence).
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Mountain and polar glaciers are COMMITTED to continue
melting for decades or centuries
(very high confidence / 9 out of 10 chance).
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Continued ice loss over the 21st century is virtually certain (99-
100% probability) for the Greenland Ice Sheet and likely (66-100%)
for the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
The Greenland ice sheet has
melted past the point of no
return

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


The Economist | August 25, 2020
IF the Antarctic ice sheet
melted, sea levels would

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


rise by 60 meters.
NSIDC

Tipping Point: 660 ppm of CO2 levels


September 2020: 411.29 ppm
Planetary Boundary: 350 ppm
Pre-Industrial Levels: 280 ppm
Loss of permafrost

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


carbon following
permafrost thaw…
is IRREVERSIBLE
at centennial
timescales (high
confidence).
There is about TWICE
AS MUCH carbon stored
in permafrost as
circulating in the
atmosphere.
Nine Climate Tipping Points

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


https://media.nature.com/lw800/magazine-assets/d41586-019-03595-
0/d41586-019-03595-0_17429034.jpg
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-tipping-point-is-reached-when-
a-system-tips-over-from-regime-A-to-regime-B-
adapted_fig1_336273061
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Irreversible: Committed:
1. global ocean temperature • melting of mountain and polar
(very high confidence) glaciers for decades or centuries
2. deep ocean acidification (very (very high confidence)
high confidence) • sea level rise for centuries to
3. and deoxygenation (medium millennia due to continuing deep
confidence) ocean warming and ice sheet melt,
4. the loss of permafrost carbon and will remain elevated for
following permafrost thaw thousands of years (high
confidence)
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Changes in Asia:
1. Increase in Heat Extremes will continue over the coming decades (high
confidence).
2. Marine Heat Waves will continue to increase (high confidence).
3. Average and High Precipitation will increase (high to medium confidence).
4. In the long-term, Monsoon Precipitation will increase (medium confidence).
5. Mean Sea Level Rise will continue to increase (high confidence).

IPCC, 2021: Regional Fact Sheet – Asia. In:: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L.
Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield,
O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.
Hope

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


We have the solutions at hand!

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Some utilities in Texas are offering
free electricity at night
because wind energy is so abundant.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Golmud Solar Park, Qinghai, China
• July 25, 2018

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


The Golmud Solar Park is
providing electricity for
less than the price of power
from coal.

© 2018 Qilai Shen/Bloomberg via Getty Images


Granja Solar Plant, Chile
• June 2019

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


When it comes fully online this
solar farm will produce the
cheapest electricity in the world.

Photo © 2019 SolarPack via Costos Peru


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Chile has also announced it will close eight coal-fired
power stations over the next five years.
The country plans to switch entirely to renewable
electricity by 2040.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
https://youtu.be/D4vjGSiRGKY | https://www.drawdown.org/solutions
Call to Action

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Global warming of 1.5°C

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


and 2°C will be exceeded
during the 21st century
unless deep reductions in
CO2 and other greenhouse
gas emissions occur in the
coming decades.

IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L.
Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield,
O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
If global net negative CO2 emissions were to be
achieved and be sustained, the global CO 2-induced
surface temperature increase would be gradually
reversed…

IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L.
Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield,
O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Net Negative Emissions
A situation of net negative emissions is achieved when, as result of human
activities, more greenhouse gases are removed from the atmosphere than
are emitted into it.

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Net Zero Emissions
Net zero emissions are achieved when anthropogenic emissions of
greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are balanced by anthropogenic
removals over a specified period.

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Mitigation (of Climate Change)
A human intervention to…
Reduce emissions or… Enhance the sinks of
greenhouse gases.

IPCC, 2018: Annex I: Glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable
development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea,
P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou,
M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
Mitigation
Adaptation

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


What you can do as an individual:
1. Talk about climate change. Continue conducting webinars. Deliver
presentations about the climate crisis.
2. Share posts about climate change.

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
"The single most important
thing we can do about
climate change is, talk
about it!
- Katharine Hayhoe
Leading climate scientist and communicator. Hosts PBS’s “Global Weirding” Youtube series. Director of Texas Tech’s
Climate Science Center. Lead author for the National Climate Assessment. Won TIME’s 100 most influential people,
FORTUNE’s 50 World’s Greatest Leaders.
What you can do as an individual:
1. Talk about climate change. Continue conducting webinars. Deliver
presentations about the climate crisis.
2. Share posts about climate change.

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


3. Join or follow The Climate Reality Project, 350.org, Extinction Rebellion,
etc.
4. Sign the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty.
https://www.climaterealityproject.org/ https://climatereality.ph/

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


https://350.org/

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


https://rebellion.global/

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


In declaring a climate emergency, a government admits that global Greenpeace country director Lea Guerrero urged Duterte to issue
warming exists and that measures taken up to this point are not an executive order “to put climate action at the center of all
enough to limit the changes brought by it... Resolutions express the policy decision-making from local to national level.”
sense or position of a chamber of Congress but are not binding.
https://fossilfueltreaty.org/

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


What you can do as an individual:
1. Talk about climate change. Continue conducting webinars. Deliver
presentations about the climate crisis.
2. Share posts about climate change.

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana


3. Join or follow The Climate Reality Project, 350.org, Extinction Rebellion,
etc.
4. Sign the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty.
5. Have less children.
6. Switch to a plant-based diet. Go vegan.
7. Install solar panels.
8. Make your home more energy efficient.
9. Be food and water self-sufficient.
10. Prepare your home for heat and rainfall extremes.
11. Use gas/diesel cars less.
12. Stop flying.
13. Divest from fossil fuels. (Check your VUL investment portfolio)
14. Refuse or reject overconsumption.
15. Reduce what you own, buy, or use. Embrace minimalism.
16. Reuse, recycle and compost as much as you can.
17. Buy only environment-friendly products.
18. Conduct research on climate solutions. Communicate solutions.
19. Demand a climate emergency. Demand climate action.
20. Vote for candidates who listen to science.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Let’s unite!
Let us all work together to reduce our GHG emissions,
sequester GHGs from the atmosphere, and
help our most vulnerable communities
adapt to climate change.
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Thank you for listening!
EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Email: jtmaldupana@gmail.com
Messenger: https://www.messenger.com/t/jtmaldupana
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/jtmaldupana/

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