FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FEMALE is a group of organs that work

REPROD together to enable reproduction,
pregnancy, and childbirth. It also
UCTIVE produces female sex hormones,
SYSTEM including estrogen and progesterone.
OVARIES
 They are about the shape and size of an almond
and have two key functions: producing
hormones and releasing eggs.
 At birth, two ovaries contain
approximately 700,000 oocytes, which are
immature eggs. 
• influence the development of female sex traits
• facilitate pregnancy, childbirth, and breast milk
production
• contribute to the health of the bones, heart,
liver, brain, and other tissues
• influence mood, sleep, and sex drive
The fallopian tubes are passageways that
carry eggs toward the uterus. They
consist of several parts:
• infundibulum, which is a funnel-shaped
opening near the ovaries
• fimbriae, which are finger-like
projections surrounding the opening
• cilia, which are hair-like structures
inside the fallopian tubes
The uterus is an organ that is about the
shape and size of a pear. It is also known as
the womb. It consists of muscular walls and
a lining (endometrium) that grows and
diminishes with each menstrual cycle.
 After ovulation, the endometrium gets
thicker in preparation for a fertilized egg. If
not fertilized, the egg dies, and the lining of
the womb sheds after around 2 weeks. The
lining breaks down into blood, which then
leaves the body through the vagina. This
is menstruation, also called a period.
Cervix
 The cervix is a narrow structure at the bottom
of the uterus. It has several functions:
• Producing mucus: The cervix produces
cervical mucus, which stops sperm from
entering the uterus when a person is not fertile
or when they are pregnant.
• Protecting against bacteria: The mucus also
stops bacteria from entering the uterus and
keeps the vagina healthy.
• Allowing fluids to drain: At the bottom of the
cervix is a small opening that allows fluids,
such as menstrual blood, to pass through.
  is a flexible, tubular structure
that connects the internal and
external reproductive organs. It
VAGINA sits behind the bladder and in
front of the digestive tract.
 The vagina allows fluids, such
as menstrual blood and
discharge, to leave the body. It
also allows semen, which
contains sperm, to enter the
body.
  The clitoris responds to sexual
stimulation. When a person
experiences arousal, it becomes
swollen. It is the main organ
responsible for female orgasms.
 The clitoral glans is at the top of the
CLITORIS clitoris. From there, the clitoris splits
into two parts that extend down
either side of the vagina. It is around 
5 inches (12.7 centimeters) long and
consists of spongy tissue that
contains thousands of nerve endings.
 Vestibule: This is the entrance to the
vagina. Around the vestibule sit the
greater vestibular glands, which produce
fluid to keep the area from getting dry.
During sexual arousal, these glands
produce more fluid to help with
lubrication.
Hymen. Some people with vulvas also
have a hymen. This is a thin, delicate
tissue that partially covers the entrance
to the vagina. When someone has
penetrative sex for the first time, the
hymen can stretch or break. But not
everyone has a hymen, and it can also
stretch for a number of other reasons. 
  Imperforate Hymen- a condition in which the hymen fails to open up
and therefore completely covers the opening to the vagina, blocking
Different menstrual blood and secretions from flowing out. An imperforate
hymen may be noted at birth, but more commonly is diagnosed during

types of puberty. 
 Microperforate Hymen-a condition in which the hymen has a very

hymen
small opening. Menstrual blood and vaginal secretions can flow out of
the vagina, but the patient may have difficulty or inability to use
tampons or have vaginal intercourse.
 Cribiform Hymen- a condition in which the hymen has several very
small openings. Menstrual blood and vaginal secretions can flow out of
the vagina, but the patient will be unable to use tampons or have
vaginal intercourse.
 Septate Hymen- occurs when the hymen has a band of extra tissue in
the middle that causes two small vaginal openings instead of one.
Menstrual blood and vaginal secretions can flow out of the vagina, but
the patient may have difficulty or inability to use tampons or have
vaginal intercourse. 
  The female urethra is a relatively
simple tubular structure that has the
sole purpose of conducting urine from
the bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra  This is where urine comes from. The
urethra is part of the urinary system
and sits just above the vaginal opening.
 Labia minora: These are smaller
lips that surround the entrance to the
vagina.
 Labia majora: These are the larger
lips that surround the vulva. After
puberty, they typically have pubic
hair. At the top of the vulva is also
the mons pubis, which is a rounded
pad of fat that sits over the pubic
bone.
Clitoral hood and
glans: The clitoral hood is a small
piece of tissue that protects the
external part of the clitoris. It sits at
the top of the labia minora.
 is the fold of skin that surrounds
the head of the clitoris. It protects
the sensitive clitoris from friction
or rubbing.