Outline

• Review: Redundancy
• Website Design Assignment Tips
• Biometrics
• Sleep
• Sleep Signals: Polysomnography
• EEG
• Interesting products
 Redundancy
"Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it
dseno't mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the olny
iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit
pclae. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey
lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe."

Probability of outcome i
H = log2 1
Pi|X given X (context)

Redundancy is related to Expectation

Website Guidelines
1. Magical number 7 ± 2
2. Avoid clutter and unnecessary motion
3. Carefully consider two paths for same outcome: test it!
4. Ensure consistency (same order in all lists)
5. Ensure clarity (headings easily understood; good contrast)
6. Provide redundancy (e.g. colour coding)
7. Follow industry standards (menu at left or top; start with general
intro)

Follow Expectations for Navigation

Maximize “Information” in Content
http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/ahtutorials/interface.html
Sleep and Sleeplessness
• Fatigue, insomnia
• Psychological and physiological effects
• Memory, mood, attention
• Restless limbs
• Breathing/snoring, sleep apnea
 Sleep Cycles

REM and NREM Stages

https://www.brainfacts.org/thinking-sensing-and-
behaving/sleep/2012/brain-activity-during-sleep
Sleep Signals: Polysomnography
• EEG, EMG, ECG, Air flow, Blood Oxygen, etc.
• Auto correlation, Cross correlation
• Pattern recognition
• Classification

Example: Sleep eye movements detect anti-

depressant drug use
Polysomnography example

http://www.northcountryneurology.com/polysomnography/
Electroencephalography Review
Alpha: 8-13 Hz

**Beta: > 13 Hz

Theta: 4-8 Hz

Delta: 0.5-4 Hz

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
221249449_Perceiving_Relationships_A_Physiologica
l_Examination_of_the_Perception_of_Scatterplots
Open Source, DIY and Crowd Sourced EEG
• 3D print-your-own frame
• Connect electrodes and DAQ
• Signal processing:
• Sampling rate, Set Gain, Calibrate
• Troubleshoot – check skin contact
• Noise reduction: FFT, Notch filter, Bandpass filter
• Artifacts: EMG, poor contacts – filter or fix
• Look for key frequencies and patterns
• Time locked, stimulus triggered
• Spatial variation from different channels

https://shop.openbci.com/collections/frontpage/products/
ultracortex-mark-iv?variant=23280716419
 Human-In-The-Loop Systems
Black Box ?

Sensory
Inputs

Decisions Motor Outputs

Feedback
DREEM Compared to Clinical Polysomnography:

Sensors:
• EEG - Frequency
• Pulse – Heart Rate
• Accelerometer - Movement
• Microphone - Breathing

https://dreem.com/science
Debellemaniere Eden, Chambon Stanislas, Pinaud Clemence, Thorey Valentin, Dehaene David, Léger Damien,
Chennaoui Mounir, Arnal Pierrick J., Galtier Mathieu N. Performance of an Ambulatory Dry-EEG Device for Auditory
Closed-Loop Stimulation of Sleep Slow Oscillations in the Home Environment. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. Vol.
12, pp. 88, 2018.
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00088

Home based technologies
• Cell phone/Nest Hub/Apple
Watch
• Eight mattress company
• RF reflections
• Accelerometer/microphone (in
cell phone)
• Specialized devices
https://
techcrunch.com/
2014/07/23/thiel-
fellows-elegant-sleep-
sensor-the-sense-
crushes-kickstarter-with-
120k-in-a-few-hours/
• Record movement/sound/video
• Biometrics eg) temperature, skin
conductance
• Can alter light/temperature
• Also possibly mattress
adjustment
• Music/sound/specific noise
• Feedback, tips
The Microphone
Machine Learning/AI for Detecting Sleep Apps
Diagnostic Sounds
• Simple intensity threshold: • Sleep.ai
sounds that wake user (alarm, • Sonic sleep https://
dog bark, car horn…) • Sleep cycle modyolo.com/sleep-
cycle.html

• Snoring/sleep apnea • Doze: Dr. Colleen Carney,

• Teeth grinding Ryerson University
• Breathing pattern • Sleep tracker

Jamie Ducharme, Time Magazine Jan. 25, 2019 https://time.com/5494363/sleep-artificial-intelligence/