Eric Foner, The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery, 238

The message to Congress revealed Lincoln’s thinking at a crucial moment of transition.

He clung to a proposal he had been promoting for a year with no success, yet pleaded
with Americans to abandon the ‘dogmas’ of the past. He again endorsed colonization,
yet referred to prospective emigrants as ‘free Americans of African descent’ rather than
alien members of some other nationality, and argued that the nation had nothing to fear
if former slaves remained in the United States.
Questions:
1. What is the passage all about?
2. What do you think is the main point of the author?
3. State the evidences of your answer in item 1 and explain.
4. Do you agree with the author’s statement?
CRITICAL READING
STRATEGIES
LESSON OBJECTIVES

◼Elaborate Critical Reading Strategies.

◼Realize the importance of Critical Reading
Strategies.
◼Evaluate an Essay using Critical Reading Strategy.
BEFORE YOU CRITICALLY READ AN ACADEMIC TEXT
YOU MUST HAVE A “READING GOAL OR PURPOSE.”

A.ASK YOURSELF THE FOLLOWING:

◼Why am I reading this text?
◼What pieces of information do I need?
◼What are the things that I want to
learn?
B.GENERAL PURPOSES FOR READING AN ACADEMIC
TEXT:
◼ To better understand an existing idea.
◼ To get ideas that can support a particular writing
assignment.
◼ To gain more information.
◼ To identify gaps in existing studies.
◼ To connect new ideas to existing ones.
NOTE!
◼Setting a goal helps a reader to determine one’s
own attitude towards the text he or she is
reading.
◼Remembering our reading goals helps us
remind ourselves why we are reading in the first
place.
MIAMINDER!

◼Critical reading strategies are useless

without critical thinking!
 TYPES OF CRITICAL
READING STRATEGIES
 BEFORE, DURING, AFTER READING STRATEGY

◼BEFORE READING:
- Determine which type of academic text you are reading (this is another
whole topic to discuss).
- Determine and establish your purpose for reading.
- Identify the author’s purpose for writing
- Predict or infer the main idea or argument of the text based on its title.
- Identify your attitude towards the author and the text.
◼BEFORE READING:
- State what you already know and what you want to learn about the topic
- Determine the target audience
- Check the publication date for relevance. It should have been published at
most 5 years earlier than the current year.
- Check the reference list while making sure to consider the correctness of
the formatting style
- Use a concept map or graphic organizer to note your existing ideas and
knowledge on the topic.
DURING READING:
⮚Annotate important parts of the text – annotating can help you
determine essential ideas or information, main ideas or
arguments, and new information or ideas.
- Write key words or phrases on the margins in bullet form.
- Write something on the page margin where important
information is found.
- Write brief notes on the margin.
DURING READING:
- Write question on information that you find confusing.
- Write what you already know about the ideas.
- Write the limitations of the author’s arguments.
- Write notes on the reliability of the text.
- Comment on the author’s biases.
SAMPLE OF ANNOTATED
TEXT.

NOTE:
YOU CAN ALSO WRITE
DETAILS, QUESTIONS,
AND NOTES ON A
SEPARATE SHEET OF
PAPER.
 BEFORE, DURING, AFTER READING
STRATEGY

◼AFTER READING:
- Reflect on what you learned.
- React on some parts of the text through writing.
- Discuss some parts with your teacher or classmates.
- Link the main idea of the text to what you already
know.
SQ3R METHOD OF READING:

◼S - SURVEY
◼Q - QUESTION
◼3R – READ, RECITE, AND REVIEW
 STAGE GUIDELINES
• Skim the target text or paragraph.
- Check the headings and tables, diagrams
SURVEY or figures presented in the text.
- Read the first few and last sentences to
determine key information.

• Annotate the headings with your

QUESTION questions.
- Develop questions on the types of
information you expect from the text.
 A GUIDELINES
• Look for answers as you read the text.
• Stop and slow down if the passage is not clear.
READ • Make sure to proceed only if you understand the previous
texts or paragraphs.

• Recount the main points of the texts.

• Recall by writing a summary or synthesis based on what
RECITE you understand of the text.
• Highlight or underline the important details you read.

• After finishing the text, go back and re-read the questions and see if
you can answer them; if not, refresh your memory or read the
REVIEW important points of the text.
• Evaluate what you learned to ensure that you are convinced and
satisfied with the information presented in the text.
GENERALIZATION
◼ Using a critical reading strategy helps us organize our thoughts and ideas.
- Through writing and annotating, we can construct an essay or a
paragraph of connected opinions and/ or ideas.
◼ Re-reading and re-evaluating your constructed essay or paragraph may
give light to confusing or unnecessary details.
- re-reading and re-evaluating the details in your paper may also give hints
to missing important details.
◼ Criticizing, reviewing, and questioning one’s own paper may even give
rise to more questions.
- Researching and answering the new question will make your paper even
more credible than your first draft of paper.
ASSIGNMENT

Make an advance reading about Academic

and Non Academic Texts.
THANK YOU FOR
PARTICIPATING!!!