COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

- is concerned with the structure and

behaviour of a computer system as seen by
the user. It acts as the interface between
hardware and software. It deals with the
components of a connection in a system.
COMPUTER DESIGNING
-All computers more or less based on
the same basic design, the Von
Neumann Architecture!
The von Neumann architecture
— also known as the von Neumann model or
Princeton architecture — is a computer
architecture based on a 1945 description by John
von Neumann and others in the First Draft of a
Report on the EDVAC
• The Von Neumann Architecture
Model for designing and building computers, based on the
following three characteristics:

1) The computer consists of four main sub-systems:

• Memory
• ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit)

• Control Unit
• Input/Output System (I/O)
2.Program is stored in memory during execution.
3.Program instructions are executed sequentially
Memory
memory is a device or system that is used to
store information for immediate use in a
computer or related computer hardware and
digital electronic devices.
Operations on Memory
1.FETCH (address):
– Fetch a copy of the content of memory cell
with the specified
address.
2. STORE(address, value):
– Store the specified value into the
memory cell specified by
address.
3.The memory system is interfaced via:
– Memory Address Register (MAR)
– Memory Data Register (MDR)
– Fetch/Store signal
ALU( ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT)

-is adigital electronic circuit which conducts

operations on binary numbers in arithmetic
and bitwise logical ways. The latter operates
on binary numbers in terms of individual bits
whilst numbers are covered through the
arithmetic processes.
Input/Output
Subsystem
The I/O database application utilizes the
Windows operating system I/O to read and
write operations on disk. ..
The input subsystem-
is the part of the Linux kernel that
manages the various input devices.
OUTPUT SYBSYSTEMS
thses are the devices that are not
connected directly to the CPU.
Instead, there is an interface that
handles the data transfers.
CONTROL UNIT(CU)

is circuitry that directs operations within a

computer's processor. It lets the computer's
logic unit, memory, and both input and output
devices know how to respond to instructions
received from a program.