Modern & Contemporary Architecture

ARCH 3101

Sharif Tousif Hossain

Lecturer
Department of Architecture
Stamford university
 19th Century Architecture

Overview
19th Century Neo-Classicism
19th Century Gothic Revival
19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-Arts (School of Art)

Reference:
 19th Century Architecture

Overview
19th century architecture is one of the most varied
periods
Neo-Classicism and Romanticism encouraged revivals
of many historic styles
Gothic
Greek
Islamic
Byzantine
Early Christian

Reference:
 19th Century Architecture

Karl Friedman Schinkel (1781 – 1841)

The most recognized figure in German Neo-Classical
style in the 19th century
Most famous structure is the Altes Museum in Berlin

Reference:
 19th Century Architecture
Altes Museum
Built in 1823 – 1828
Features
Long, rectangular plan
Central, colonnaded rotunda domed like the Pantheon
A continuous, Ionic colonnade along the façade

Reference:
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/
wcapts2.html
19th Century Architecture

Reference:
19th Century Architecture
 19th Century Architecture

Sir John Soane (1753 – 1837)

Leading architect of the 19th century Neo-Classical movement in
England
Considered a highly individual architect whose work features
Romantic qualities

13 Lincoln Inn Fields

Features
Diverse array of spaces and levels
Articulated wall planes
Reflected by multiple flat and convex mirrors

Reference:
19th Century Architecture

Reference:
19th Century Architecture
 19th Century Neo-Classicism

Benjamin Harry Latrobe

– The United States first professional architect

– Commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to continue
work on the U.S. Capitol
– Key structures
• U.S. Capitol
• Roman Catholic Cathedral, Baltimore, MD
 19th Century Neo-Classicism

U.S. Capitol
– Latrobe completed the north and south wings
– Introduced his own work for the American style
• Tobacco-leaf capitols in the rotunda of the
Senate Chamber
• Corn-cob capitols in the north basement
vestibule
 19th Century Gothic Revival
The Romantic Movement acquired a more serious tone
with emergence of the Gothic Revival in the 19th
century Led by the English architect

Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812 – 1852)

– Leading Gothic revivalist in England
– Regarded Gothic as an embodiment of moral and
religious values from the past
– The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture
• Published in 1841
• Enumerated Pugin’s ideals for Gothic architecture
• Regarded Gothic as the “only correct expression of the
(Christian) faith, wants, and climate”
 19th Century Gothic Revival

Richard Upjohn
– The first American architect to follow Pugin’s principles
– First major commission was the Trinity Church in New York City, NY

Trinity Church, New York City, NY

– Designed for a growing and wealthy congregation
– Used Decorated Gothic for the church
– Features
• Extended chancel
• Raised altar
• Ceiling vaults constructed of plaster rather than stone
19th Century Gothic Revival
19th Century Gothic Revival
19th Century Gothic Revival
 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-
Arts
 School of Art (1819-1968) in France
 The Academy of Beaux-Arts in France decided that Classical architecture should
supersede Gothic architecture in France during the 19th century
 Designed to provide training for students who had usually completed secondary
studies and passed an entrance exam
 Studied Program….understanding the hierarchical relationships of the various
spaces….distribute the spaces symmetrically along first major, and then minor axes
with emphasis on the movement through the spaces along these axes and in three
dimensions
 Profound effect on American architecture both in public and private sectors in the
second half of the nineteenth century
19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-Arts

Richard Morris Hunt (1827 – 1895)

– The first American to attend the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts
– After his return to New York, he established a practice that
prospered greatly until his death
– Major structures
• The Breakers, Newport
• Biltmore, Asheville
• Base of the Statue of Liberty
 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-
Arts

The Breakers, Newport,

Rhode Island
– Structure built for the
Vanderbilt family in
Rhode Island
19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-
Arts
19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-
Arts
 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-
Arts

Biltmore, Asheville,
North Carolina
– A hunting lodge built
for the Vanderbilt’s
 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-
Arts
Base of the Statue of
Liberty (1880)
References

• Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/

• http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html
• Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity
• Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture