3 Anterior observational view.

A, Level of anterior superior iliac spines

(ASISs). B, Level of iliac crests.
4 Posterior observational view. A, Level of iliac crests. B, Level of posterior
superior iliac spines (PSISs).
 Examiner palpating posterior superior iliac
Determining level of pubic bones. spine
(PSIS) prior to forward flexion.
(A) and backward movement
(counternutation) of the sacrum, which normally occurs around 60° of hip flexion
(B).
Gapping test. A, In supine—crossed arms. B, In supine—arms not crossed.
 Ipsilateral prone kinetic test. On extension, the
C, In prone—using hip medial rotation. posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and sacral crest move
superiorly
and laterally.
Passive extension and medial rotation of
the ilium Passive flexion and lateral rotation of the
on the sacrum ilium on
the sacrum.
Sacral apex pressure test. Patient is lying
prone
Sacroiliac rocking (knee-to-shoulder) test.
“Squish” test. Thigh thrust test.
Superoinferior symphysis pubis stress test.
Patient is Torsion stress test. Patient is lying prone.
lying supine.
(A) and oblique
 A properly centered anteroposterior radiograph must be
controlled for rotation and tilt. Proper rotation is confirmed by align
ment of the coccyx over the symphysis pubic (vertical line). Propertilt
is controlled by maintaining the distance between the tip of the coccyx
and the superior border of the symphysis pubis at 1 to 2 cm .

B) anteroposterior views show normally

maintained cortices and cartilage spaces.
Fusion of sacroiliac joint spaces in the late Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis. Note
stage of sacroiliitis of ankylosing higher
spondylitis (anteroposterior view). The left pubic bone
sclerosis has
resorbed, and there is slight narrowing of
the left hip joint
A, Anteroposterior view of pelvis showing
well-concealed bony lesion at inferior corner of left pubis at the sym
physis (arrowhead). B, Posterior view of same pelvis; bony fragment is
well delineated in this view.
Judet view of the left hip and pelvis.

Ferguson view (30° cephalid angulated

anteroposterior) of the lumbosacral junction
and sacroiliac joints .
A, An anteroposterior inlet projection of a 22-year-old man
who suffered a Type III Malgaigne fracture-dislocation reveals minimally
displaced vertical fractures (arrows) of both the left superior pubic ramus
and the left ischiopubic ramus. On this view, the sacrum, ilium, and
sacroiliac joints appear normal. B, On the anteroposterior outlet view, the
diastasis of the left sacroiliac joint becomes obvious