Ways of Promoting Sales

1. Media – Products are advertised through newspapers

circulated either nationwide or locally, over the radio,
and on the television, for a particular fee. Another
form of media nowadays is the social media. Using the
facilities on the internet, sales promotion can already
be conducted.
2. Window Display – The correct method of this kind of
display is to show particular merchandise in a such
way that will be the center of attraction.
3. Fashion Show – The latest styles of apparel and the
like may be exposed to the public by hiring
professional models (or amateurs) to parade before
prospective buyers in a carefully-planned style is show
and venue.
4. Flyer – This creative and innovative way of endorsing
a product or service makes use of appropriate designs
posted or distributed to people in a particular area.
The entrepreneur may hire people to distribute the
flyers in order to reach wider scope.
5. Free Sampling – By giving free samples of a particular
merchandise to be introduced to the public, the
customers are given an opportunity to judged the
quality of the product promoted.
6. Popular Recall – Another way of attracting
customers is through songs, or popularly called
commercial jingles. By composing original jingles
associated with the product, potential customers may
easily recall the name of the product or service.
7. Calling Cards and Tarpaulin – Calling cards may be
given to potential customers in order for them to easily
reach the business when they need to. Another way of
promotion is by the use of tarpaulin. It is bigger than
flyers and could be posted or installed in areas that can
easily for noticed.
8. Billboards – Although very expensive, billboards
posting is one of the most effective ways in promoting
products and services. It can reach a wide range of
audience and is fixed in one place. It should be place
in a busy area where people might recall the name of
the brand being promoted.
9. House to House – Entrepreneur may hire people who
will endorse the merchandise to a house to house or
other wise known as knock-on-your-door technique.
10. Sale – There are several products and services that
need to reach the market shrouded by competitions.
To introduce a product or encourage people to try it,
entrepreneur resort to cutting the price tag of
products.
11. Quality and Quantity Discount – To attract more
customers, businesses sometimes offer discounts for
bulk purchases.
12. Personal Salesmanship – Personnel involved in
promoting the merchandise must always have in mind
the welfare of the customers. As such, courtesy and
effective service are needed.
 TYPES OF SELLING
1. Cash-take Sale. The customer pays cash for the
merchandise and takes it with him.
2. Cash-send or Cash-delivery Sale. The customer
pays cash for the goods and the store will deliver or
sends the merchandise into his/her home address.
3. Charge-take Sale. The merchandise is charged to
the customer and the latter takes the merchandise
with him/her.
4. Charge-send or Charge deliver. The merchandise
is to the customer and is delivered to the home
address.
5. Part Cash, Part Charge Sale. The merchandise is
paid in half and the balance is charged to the
customer.
6. Lay-Away or Will-Call Sale. The customer orders
and requests the store to lay it away. The customer will
hand down payment but the item will stay in the store
until he pays the item in full amount.
7. Cash-on-Delivery. (COD). The customer will only
pay in cash upon the delivery of the merchandise to
his home.
8. Instalment Sale. The customer agrees to pay a
certain part of the amount of the merchandise at a
specified period of time until the full amount is paid.
BASIC ACCOUNTING
 ACCOUNTING
Accounting is a service activity. It functions
to provide quantitative information.
Primarily financial in nature about
economic entities that are intended to be
useful in making economic decisions with
reasoned choices among alternative courses
of action.
 Quantitative Information
 Balance Sheet. Is the statement of financial
condition or financial position that gives the user
information about the condition of the business
enterprise as of the given period.
 Income Statement. Is the statement of the results of
operation. It is the statement that give information to
the users the idea whether the business enterprise
makes profit or losses for a period of time.
 Statement of a Cash Flows. Is the statement that
gives information to the users about the cash uses of
the business enterprise during a given period of time.
 It is the process of recording, classifying,, and
summarizing, in a significant manner in items.
Recording – means the writing down of business
transactions in the official book of accountant.
Classifying – means sorting of business transactions to
their significant accounts.
Summarizing – is the summing up of the business
transactions recorded in the book of accounts.
Bookkeeping – is defined as the systematic and
chronological recording of business transaction,
observing therein the fundamentals principle of
accounting.
 ITEMS
 Money – means cash
 Transaction – the exchange of values.
 Events – is the act of happening. In accounting an
event must have an impact in the business enterprise.
The impact could either be positive or negative.
 Accounting Process
 Collection of Business Documents as
Transactions occurred. These business documents
will serve as pieces of evidence for a finished
transaction.
 Recording in the Journal Book. Journal book of
original entry. It is the book where transaction are first
entered.
 Posting. After all transactions for the month are
recorded, a total will be made per account.
 Preparation of Trial Balance. The trial balance can
be prepared by getting the net balance of an individual
account. If the trial balance statement is balance, it
means the posting process was properly made.
 Preparation of Adjustment Entries. An adjusting
entry is necessary to update an account or correct an
error.
 Preparation of Working Paper. Working paper is an
accountant’s scratch paper, but as much as possible, it
must be neatly done.
 Preparation of Financial Statement. This includes
the income statement, balance sheet and the
statement of cash flows.
Types of Business Organization
 Service Concern – This type of business organization
that renders services to their customers to earn an
income.
 Trading Concern – Also called as Merchandising
concerns. This type of business organization usually
buys merchandise and sells to their customer.
 Manufacturing Concern – This type of business
organization usually buys raw materials and converts
them into finished products and are sold in the
market.
Forms of Business Organization
 Sole/single proprietorship. The
ownership of the business enterprise is only
one
 Partnership. The ownership of the
business enterprise ranges from two or more
persons.
 Corporation. The ownerships of the
business enterprise ranges from five to more
persons.
 Users of Financial Statement
 Business Owner. The owner of the business
enterprise. They are very particular to what has
happened in their business venture and they can
only know it by providing a copy of its financial
statement.
 Business Manager. Since the work of managers
is to direct and control the business enterprise,
they really need the financial statements as
reference for their really daily routine business
decision making.
 Government. The government is also a
user of financial statement because it is very
particular with the correct payment of taxes.
 Potential Investors. They usually check
first the soundness of the business
enterprise before they plan to invest their
money and to assure a fair return of
investment as well.
 Creditors. They check on the paying
capacity of the customers first to minimize
doubtful or uncollectible accounts.
 Labor Unions. They need the financial statements
of the company as their basis to demand for increase
in the salary of their union members.
 Budget Officers/Accountants/Auditors. Budget
offers prepare the company budget and they need its
financial statements so they can know the progress of
its operation as compared to its plan.