DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC ECHO

CANCELLATION

 
COMMUNICATION STREAM

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Abstract
• Acoustic echo cancellation is important for audio teleconferencing
when simultaneous communication (or full-duplex transmission) of
speech is necessary.
• This paper will focus on the occurrence of acoustic echo in
telecommunication systems and adaptive filters are dynamic filters
which iteratively alter their characteristics in order to achieve an
optimal desired output and implementing the overall system of
acoustic echo cancellation system using mainly Least Mean Square
(LMS) and also little about Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS)
algorithms for adaptive filter.

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Contents
Introduction
1. Background.
2. Statement of problem.
3. Objective of the Study.
• General Objective.
• The specific objectives.
4. Scope of this project.
5. Literature review.
6. Methodology.
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Introduction
• Echo is the sound of one’s own voice being played back to him after a
delay.
• There are two types of echo presenting in typical communication
networks: hybrid (line) echo and acoustic echo.
• Hybrid echo is the outcome of impedance mismatches along a
telephone line, and is relatively easy to identify and cancel.
• Acoustic echo is due to the leakage from loudspeaker to microphone in
a hands-free telephone, and is much more difficult to tackle.
• The solution to these problems is the elimination of the echo with an
echo suppression or echo cancellation algorithm.
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Cont…
• The echo suppressor possesses a main disadvantage since it supports only
half-duplex communication.
• An important aspect of echo cancellers is that full-duplex communication can
be maintained, which allows both speakers to talk at the same time.
• This paper describes the design and simulation of an acoustic echo
cancellation (AEC) approach, which is based on the least mean square(LMS)
and somewhat normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm.
• The way how acoustic echo canceller works is form a replica of the acoustic
echo signal picked up by the terminal microphone by inserting an adaptive
filter h(n) parallel to the signal path through loudspeaker, room, and
microphone.
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Cont…
• And then by providing a response as equal as possible to that of the
acoustic signal path by subtracting the echo y(n) from the microphone
signal d(n) to get the desire speech signal e(n) as shown in the figure
bellow.

Figure 1.1 principle of acoustic echo cancellation system

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Literature review
• Therefore, this paper presents Acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) systems
challenges and comparison between these techniques is also presented.
• These are some research papers based Acoustic echo cancellation (AEC).
• M.M Sondhi: clearly states the history of echo cancellation that is important
used as a background for this project and also idea of adaptive echo
cancellation by using different algorithm was addressed.
• However, he did not evaluate the effective working of the algorithm and
compare the convergence performance of regular LMS algorithm to the
normalized variant also did not addressed by him.

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Cont…
• Therefore, in order to evaluate the effective working of the algorithm, some basic
tests were conducted that is convergence test and Compare the convergence
performance of regular LMS algorithm to the normalized variant in this project
were added.
• Lin Bai et al: adaptive algorithm for ANC to filter a noisy speech signal is proposed
in this paper. The new algorithm further relaxes the constraint in the CS-LMS
algorithm.
• The new algorithm attempts to minimize the estimation error and the estimation is
obtained using the concept of Taylor’s expansion.
• Analysis results show that the new algorithm can obtain better EMSE performance
than NLMS and the new algorithm can get performance improvement.

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Cont…
• However, it leads additional cost due to computational complexity that is
used Taylor’s explanation. Therefore, in this project minimize the
computational complexity and specifying the project in echo cancellation
not consider the whole noise that is modified from Lin Bai et al.
• From the literature review, the input that has been collected is useful for
better understanding of this project to overcome the problem caused by
echo cancellation is used. Now that the need for an acoustic echo
canceller is recognized.
• An overwhelming breadth of the literature, curving different techniques
for Acoustic echo cancellation the project report’s in the area of Acoustic
echo cancellation for Arba Minch university.
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Statement of problem
• Our university is making relation with other universities with in country
and outside the country but still now we cannot get on line learning and
training, so we are assuming the limitation is there is no good video and
teleconferencing room and even it needs good echo cancellation.
• echo is now available everywhere which can harm or change the original
signal and a reduction in the quality of the communication.
• Noise can’t be removed totally but can be reduced and controlled by
using different mechanisms.
• Acoustic echo cancellation traditionally involves passive methods such as
enclosures, barriers and silencers to attenuate noise.

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Cont…
• These techniques use either the concept of impendence change or
the energy loss due to sound absorbing materials. These methods are
however not effective for low frequency noise.
• Some of the factors that influence the design of an AEC system are
computational complexity, memory consumption.
• A technique to overcome this problem is Acoustic echo Cancellation
(AEC).
• So we design of Adaptive Acoustic Echo Canceller Using LMS
Algorithm in MATLAB software, which is sound field modification by
elect acoustic means.
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Objectives
General objective:
• The general objective is to design and implementation of acoustic
echo cancellation using MATLAB software.
The specific objective:
• To understand how echo cancelling is achieved.
• To develop and implement the active echo cancellation in accordance
to the established design parameters.
• Design of Adaptive Acoustic Echo Canceller Using LMS Algorithm.
• To cancel or reduce the echo signal as much as possible.
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Scope of this project
• Scope of this project is about echo cancelers have found wide use in
full-duplex data transmission over two-wire circuits and are now
being applied to control echo and howl in electronic conferencing
applications.
• We simulated using adaptive algorithm to reduce echo in a
communication system by MATLAB software.
• Implement an existing code to reduce Acoustic Echo by using different
Algorithms.
• These different algorithms are, The least mean square(LMS) and
somewhat normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm.
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Methodology
• Generally, the methods and steps involved throughout the study are
as following;
• Literature review: We are gathering different information and
components by referring different books and searching web site
regarding with our project.
• System analysis and design approach: By using LMS Algorism we will
design acoustic echo cancellation and analyze how to remove delayed
(echo) part from original sound.
• Simulation: Simulate in MATLAB software

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Thanks

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