FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING:

THE HEATH CARE

DELIVERY SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY: ANGELOU JUSTINE C. ROSALES, RN, MAN
• A health care system is the totality of services offered by all health disciplines.
• The major purpose of health care system was to provide care to the ill and injured.
TYPES OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES:

• Health care services are often described in a way correlated with the levels of disease
prevention:
• PRIMARY PREVENTION
• SECONDARY PREVENTION
• TERTIARY PREVENTION
PRIMARY PREVENTION : HEALTH PROMOTION &
ILLNESS PREVENTION
• Health promotion was slow to develop until 1980s. Since that time more and more people
are recognizing the advantages of staying healthy and avoiding illness.
• Primary prevention program address areas such as adequate and proper nutrition, weight
control and exercise, and stress reduction.
• Health promotion activities emphasize the important role clients play in maintaining their
own health and encourage them to maintain the highest level of wellness they can
achieve.
• Illness prevention programs may be directed at the client or the community and involve
such practices as providing immunizations, identifying risks factors for illness, and
helping people take measures to prevent these illnesses from occurring.
• It also includes environmental programs that can reduce the incidence of illness or
disability.
• Example: steps to decrease air pollution include requiring inspection of automobile
exhaust systems to ensure an acceptable level of fumes.
 SECONDARY PREVENTION: DIAGNOSIS &
TREATMENT
• In the past, the largest segment of the health care services has been dedicated to the
diagnosis and treatment of illness.
• Hospitals continue to focus significant resources on patients requiring emergency,
intensive, and around-the-clock acute care.
• Freestanding diagnostic and treatment facilities have also evolved and serve ever-growing
numbers of clients.
• For example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and related radiological diagnostic
procedures are commonly performed at a physician or corporate-owned centers.
• Also included as a health promotion service is early detection of disease. This is
accomplished through routine screening of the population and focused screening of those
at increased risk of developing certain conditions.
• Example of early detection services include regular dental exams from childhood
throughout life and bone density studies for women at menopause to evaluate early
osteoporosis.
 TERTIARY PREVENTION: REHABILITATION,
HEALTH RESTORATION, AND PALLIATIVE CARE
• The goal of tertiary prevention is to help people move to their previous level of health( to
their previous capabilities) or to the highest level they are capable of given their current
health status.
• Rehabilitative care emphasizes the importance of assisting clients to function adequately
in the physical, mental, social, economic, and vocational areas of their lives.
 TYPES OF HEALTH CARE AGENCIES & SERVICES

• PUBLIC HEALTH
• RURAL CARE
• PHYSICIAN’ OFFICES
• AMBULATORY CARE CENTERS • HOSPICE SERVICES
• OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CLINICS
• CRISIS CENTERS
• HOSPITALS
• SUBACUTE CARE FACILITIES • MUTUAL SUPPORT AND SELF-HELP
• EXTENDED CARE (LONG-TERM CARE) FACILITIES GROUPS
• RETIREMENT AND ASSISTED LIVING CENTERS
• REHABILITATION CENTERS
• HOME HEALTH CARE AGENCIES
• DAY-CARE CENTERS
PROVIDERS OF HEALTH CARE

• NURSES
• SOCIAL WORKER
• CASE MANAGER
• DENTIST
• SPIRITUAL SUPPORT PERSONNEL
• DIETICIAN • UNLICENSED ASSISTIVE
• OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST PERSONNEL
• PARAMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST
• PHARMACIST
• PHYSICAL THERAPIST
• PHYSICIANS
• RESPIRATORY THERAPIST
FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH CARE DELIVERY:

• INCREASING NUMBER OF ELDERLY

• ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY
• ECONOMICS
• WOMEN’S HEALTH
• UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICES
• ACCESS TO HEALTH INSURANCE
• THE HOMELESS AND THE POOR
• DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
FRAMEWORKS FOR CARE

• MANAGED CARE- describes a health care system whose goals are to provide cost-effective,
quality care that focuses on decreased costs and improved outcomes for group of clients.
• CASE MANAGEMENT- describes a range of models for integrating health care services for
individuals or groups.
• PATIENT-FOCUSED CARE- is a delivery model that brings all services and care providers to
the clients.
• DIFFERENTIATED PRACTICE- is a system in which the best possible use of nursing
personnel is based on their educational preparation and resultant skill sets.
• SHARED GOVERNANCE MODEL- can be used in concert with other models of nursing
delivery. It is an organizational model in which nursing staff is cooperative with administrative
personnel in making, implementing, and evaluating client care policies.
• CASE METHOD- also referred to as total care, is one of the earlist nursing models developed.
In this client-centered method, one nurse is assigned to and is responsible for the
comprehensive care of a group of clients during 8- or 12-hour shift.
• FUNCTIONAL METHOD- focuses on the jobs to be completed (bed making, vital signs
measurement). In this task-oriented approach, personnel with less preparation than the
professional nurse perform less complex care requirements.
• TEAM NURSING- is the delivery of individualized nursing care to clients by a team led
by a professional nurse. A nursing team consists of registered nurses, licensed practical
nurses, and unlicensed assistive personnel.
• PRIMARY NURSING- is a system in which one nurse is responsible for overseeing the
total care of a number of clients 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, even if he or she does not
deliver all the care personally.
THANK YOU & GODBLESS!