CONTEMPORARY

FOREIGN AND
ECONOMIC POLICIES
 NICARAGUA
ECONOMIC POLICIES
• The immediate and gradual reduction of tariffs according to product
category, the elimination off all non-tariff barriers and the abolition of
export subsidies for non-traditional products have helped to achieved this
aim.
CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN
• Nicaragua pursue an independent foreign policy. A participant of the
Central American Security Commission (CSC), Nicaragua, also has taken a
leading role in pressing for regional demilitarization and peaceful
settlement of disputes within states in the region.
VENEZUELA
CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN
• Venezuela foreign policy has been characterized by a growing
dependency on oil market. Venezuela foreign policy concerned with the
relationship between United States and other developing countries.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
• Chavez government's economic policies, including strict price controls,
have led Venezuela having the highest inflation in the world at the time.
PANAMA
CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN
• The main challenge for the Moscoso government is to
oversee a peaceful and trouble free management of the
canal. Many experts predict that Panama will run into
difficulties trying to operate the canal and meet the 2020
deadline for its expansion to meet the anticipated increase
in traffic. Moscoso has taken steps to established herself as a
national leader, one who unifies opposing political interest
in a country that is geographically positioned to play a key
role in the world economic in the 21st century.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
• Panama was negotiating free trade areas with Costa Rica
and Mexico among others. In 2003, Panama and Puerto Rico
signed an agreement aimed at strengthening economic and
cultural ties.
• Panama continues to fight against illegal narcotics. Panama
passed a number of significant reforms aimed at
strengthening its cooperation against money laundering and
other international financial crimes, although these remain
problems still facing the country.
• To promote sustainable economic development in the
region.
 PARAGUAY
CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN
• Like Uruguay to the south, it is a buffer state separating Brazil and Argentina--
the two largest countries in South America--and, like Bolivia to the west, it is
landlocked. The circumstance of being landlocked has historically led the
country alternately into isolationism and expansionism; its buffer status has
underwritten its sovereignty. Paraguay's foreign policy has traditionally aimed
at striking a balance between the influence of its two large neighbours.
ECONOMIC POLICIES (MONETARY
POLICY)
• Changes in banking laws in the 1940s set the stage for
the creation of the county's new Central Bank, which
was established in 1952, replacing the Bank of
Paraguay and the earlier Bank of the Republic. As the
centre of the financial system, the Central Bank was
charged with regulating credit, promoting economic
activity, controlling inflation, and issuing currency.