NORWEGIAN TRAINING

CENTER
SEAM 2 – TRIM, STABILITY and STRESS 1

(FRESH WATER ALLOWANCE)

 Learning objective of week 10B

LO1.125 Describe what it meant by the fresh water allowance (FWA)

LO1.126 Explain why the draught of a ship decreases when it passes from
fresh water to seawater and vice versa

LO1.127 State that when loading in fresh water before proceeding into
seawater, a ship is allowed a deeper maximum draught

LO1.128 Given the density of dock water and FWA, calculate the amount by
which the appropriate load line may be submerged

Introduction
 Learning objective of week 10B

LO1.129 Given the density of dock water and TPC for seawater, calculate the
TPC for dock water

LO1.130 Given the FWA and TPC for fresh water, calculate the amount
which can be loaded after reaching the summer load line when loading in
fresh water before sailing into seawater

LO1.131 Given the present draught amidships and the density of dock water,
calculate the amount to load to bring the ship to the appropriate load line in
seawater

LO1.132 Given the draught amidships and dock-water density, calculate the
amount to load to bring the ship to the appropriate load line in seawater

Introduction
 Fresh Water Allowance is the number of millimetres by
which the mean draft changes when a ship passes
from salt water to fresh water, or vice versa, whilst
floating at the loaded draft.
LO1.125 Illustration source : Stability and Trim for
Master and Mates
 To find the change in draft of a ship shape due to change of
density a quantity known as the ‘Fresh Water Allowance’ must
be known.
FWA (in mm) = Displacement (in tonnes)
4 x TPC

Total water displaced is

then V + v

Mass = Density x Volume

Mass of SW displaced =1025 x V
Mass of FW displaced =1000 x (V+ v)

Mass of FW displaced = Mass of SW displaced

1000 (V + v) = 1025V
1000V + 1000v = 1025V
1000v = 1025V
V = V/40

LO1.125.1 Illustration source : Stability and Trim for

Master and Mates
 To find the change in draft of a ship shape due to change of
density a quantity known as the ‘Fresh Water Allowance’ must
be known.

w = W/40

but w = FWA x TPC

10

W = FWA x TPC FWA = W__ mm

40 10 4 x TPC

W = Loaded salt water displacement In tonnes

LO1.125.2 Illustration source : Stability and Trim for

Master and Mates
 When loading in fresh water before proceeding into seawater,
a ship is allowed a deeper maximum draught.

LO1.126 Illustration source : Stability and Trim for

Master and Mates
 Draft decreases when vessel passes from fresh
water to salt water

LO1.127 Illustration source : Stability and Trim for

Master and Mates
 Given the density of dock water and FWA, calculate the amount
by which the appropriate load line may be submerged.

A ship is loading in dock water of density 1010 kg per cubic meter.

FWA = 150mm Find the change in draft on entering salt water.

LO1.128 Illustration source : Stability and Trim for

Master and Mates
 Let x = The Change in draft in millimeters

__x__ = 1025 – 1010

FWA 25

x = FWA x (1025-1010)
25
x = 150 mm x 15 __
25
x = 90 mm

LO1.128.1
 TPC – Tonnes per Centimeter immersion

TPC for any draft is the mass which must be loaded or discharged to change a
ship’s mean draft in salt water by one centimeter

Illustration source: MV Atacama Queen

LO1.129
(NSUKK)
 Given the density of dock water and TPC for seawater,
calculate the TPC for dock water

Illustration source: MV Atacama Queen

LO1.129
(NSUKK)
 Given the FWA and TPC for fresh water, calculate the
amount which can be loaded after reaching the
summer load line when loading in fresh water before
sailing into seawater

Illustration source: MV Atacama Queen

LO1.130
(NSUKK)
 A ship is loading in a summer Zone in dock water of density 1005 kg
per cu.m. FWA = 62.5 mm, TPC = 15 tonnes.

The lower edge of the summer loadline is in the waterline to port and
is 5 cm above the waterline to starboard.

Find how much more cargo may be loaded if the ship is to be at the
correct load draft in salt water

LO1.130.1 Illustration source : Stability and Trim for

Master and Mates
 Note:

This ship is obviously listed to port and if brought upright the

lower edge of the ‘S’ loadline on each side would be 25 mm above
the waterline.

Also, it is the upper edge of the line which indicates the ‘S’ load
draft and since the line is 24 mm thick, the ship’s draft must be
increased by 50 mm to bring her to the ‘S’ loadline in dock water.
‘S’ must be submerged by x trim.

LO1.130.2 Illustration source : Stability and Trim for

Master and Mates
LO1.130.3
 Given the present draught amidships and the density of
dock water, calculate the amount to load to bring the ship
to the appropriate load line in seawater

A ship is loading in a Summer Zone in dock water of

density 1005 kg per cubic meter.
FWA = 62.5 mm, TPC = 15 tonnes. The lower edge of the
Summer load line is in the waterline to port and is 5 cm
above the waterline to starboard. Find how much more
cargo may be loaded if the ship is to be at the correct load
draft in salt water.

LO1.131
 Note.

This ship is obviously listed to port and if brought upright the lower
edge of the ‘S’ load line on each side would be 25 mm above the
waterline.

The upper edge of the line that indicates the ‘S’ load draft and, since
the line is 25 mm thick, the ship’s draft
must be increased by 50 mm to bring her to the ‘S’ load line in dock
water. In addition ‘S’ may be submerged by x mm.

LO1.131.1 Illustration source : Stability and Trim for

Master and Mates
 Total increase in draft required = 100 mm or 10 cm

Cargo to load = Increase in draft x TPC

= 10 cm x 15 tonnes

= 150 tonnes

LO1.131.2
 Given the draught amidships and dock-water density,
calculate the amount to load to bring the ship to the
appropriate load line in seawater

A ship has a load displacement of 5,400 tonnes, TPC = 30

tonnes. If she loads to the summer loadline in dock water
of density 1,010 kg per cu.m, find the change in draft on
entering salt water.

LO1.131.2
 Summary of week 10B
1. Meaning of fresh water allowance (FWA)
2. Reason why the draught of a ship decreases when it passes from fresh water to
seawater and vice versa

3. Situation where a ship is allowed a deeper maximum draught

4. Given the density of dock water and FWA, calculate the amount by which the
appropriate load line may be submerged

5. Given the density of dock water and TPC for seawater, calculate the TPC for dock
water

6. Given the density of dock water and TPC for seawater, calculate the TPC for dock
water

7. Given the present draught amidships and the density of dock water, calculate the
amount to load to bring the ship to the appropriate load line in seawater

8. Given the draught amidships and dock-water density, calculate the amount to load to
bring the ship to the appropriate load line in seawater

Summary
 Learning objective of week 10B

LO1.129 Given the density of dock water and TPC for seawater, calculate the
TPC for dock water

LO1.130 Given the FWA and TPC for fresh water, calculate the amount
which can be loaded after reaching the summer load line when loading in
fresh water before sailing into seawater

LO1.131 Given the present draught amidships and the density of dock water,
calculate the amount to load to bring the ship to the appropriate load line in
seawater

LO1.132 Given the draught amidships and dock-water density, calculate the
amount to load to bring the ship to the appropriate load line in seawater

Introduction
References :

SHIP STABILITY for Masters and Mates, Capt. D.R. Derette, 2013,
Butterworth- Heinemann- 7th Edition.

International Convention on Loadlines, International Maritime

Organization, Electronic Edition 2005, Consolidated Edition 2005
THANK YOU….

Elmer M. Doctor / MSMT

NTC Course developer