Unit 6: GLOBAL WARMING

Lesson 2: LANGUAGE
 PRONUNCIATION:
Intonation on yes-no and echo
questions: RAISING or FALLING?
Activity 1: Listen and repeat these sentences, mark their
intonation on the ITALIC.

Yes-no questions:
1. Do you agree with me? ⤻
2. Can you talk about the effects of global warming? ⤻
3. Do you think that we can reduce our carbon footprint? ⤻
4. Is it true that global warming is getting worse? ⤻
5. Are most of the environmental problems caused by humans? ⤻
1. Do you know that global warming is increasing? ⤻
2. Did you turn off the light before you left home? ⤻
3. Can we really reduce the carbon footprint of our homes? ⤻
4. Are you aware of the dangers of plastic bags on the
environment? ⤻
5. Have you seen the 'Young Voices for the Planet' films? ⤻
Activity 1: Echo questions:
1. A: Most of the environmental problems are man-made. B: Man-
made? ⤻
2. A: Scientists are concerned about the effects of global warming.
B: Scientists are concerned about what? ⤻
3. A: I cycle to work every day. B: You do? ⤻
4. A: By 2050, rising temperatures could lead to the extinction of a million
species. B: The extinction of a million species? ⤻
5. A: In order to save our environment, we should reduce our use of
paper products. B: We should do what?  ⤻
1. A: ‘Plant for the Planet’ helped plant 12 billion trees worldwide.
B: Twelve billion trees worldwide? ⤻
2. A: Even when turned off, electronic devices use energy.
B: Yes, they can still use energy. ↷
3. A: Cutting down on energy use is the best way to help reduce global
warming. B: The best way to do what? ⤻
4. A: Global warming has catastrophic effects on humans.
B: Global warming has what on humans? ⤻
5. A: A single tree can absorb about one ton of CO2 during its lifetime.
PRONUNCIATION Intonation on yes-no and
echo questions: RAISING

GRAMMAR: having + past participle

- Perfect participle is used to reduce the

clauses of reason and/ or emphasize what
happens before another action.
- Perfect gerund is the OBJECT of a verb or
a preposition, emphasizing what have
been done.
Activity 2: Decide whether the BOLD are written in
Perfect participle or Perfect gerund.
Examples P G
1. In the past, a lot of industries denied having    
contributed to global warming. 

2. People are all responsible for having treated    

the environment irresponsibly.

3. Having planned the content, we're now looking    

for supporting information.

4. Having treated the environment irresponsibly,    

humans now have to suffer.
Activity 3: Match the two parts to make complete
sentences and rewrite them, using perfect participles.
0. As farmers had been informed about the a. now they have to suffer
bad effects of chemical fertilizers, severe floods.
1. After we had learnt that humans g are b. we decided to sell our car
responsible for global warming, and get a bicycle instead.
d
2. Since they have used up the fossil fuel c. they have to find some
resources in their country,  
3. Because local people have cut down the types of alternative energy.
c d. we were determined to
forests to make way for farming,
4. After we read the report on how the reduce our carbon footprint.
burning of petrol in cars contributes ato e. we changed our attitude to
climate change, nature.
5. After we identified the causes of global f. they have to suffer its
warming,   b effects now.
6. After we talked with the g. they started using them
environmentalist,
h sparingly
7. Since people have ignored warnings about
on their farms.
h. we worked out some
global warming for more than 20 years,
solutions to reduce its effects.
e

f
Activity 3 (Example): Rewrite them, using perfect participles.
0. Because farmers had been informed about the bad effects
of chemical fertilizers, they started using them sparingly on
their farms.

 Having been informed …, farmers started ….

Comprehension questions:
How many clauses are there in this sentence? 2
Because farmers had been
Which clause points out the reason? informed …
Does the clause of reason happen before or after the main one?

What does “they” replace for? farmers

Activity 3: Match the two parts to make complete
sentences and rewrite them, using perfect participles.
1. Having learnt that humans are responsible …, we were
determined to reduce our carbon footprint.
2. Having used up the fossil fuel resources in their country,
they have to find some types of alternative energy.
3. Having cut down the forests to make way for farming,
now local people have to suffer severe floods.
4. Having read the report on … climate change, we decided
to sell our car and get a bicycle instead.
5. Having identified the causes of global warming, we
worked out some solutions to reduce its effects.
6. Having talked with the environmentalist, we changed ….
7. Having ignored warnings …, people have to suffer its
effects now.
Activity 4: Rewrite the sentences using perfect participles.
1. Since we have become too dependent on the use of
electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy
→ Having
before become
fossil too out.
fuels run dependent …, we have to find ...
2. Since Mai had refused Nam's offer of a lift in his car, she
had
→ Having
to walkrefused
home.…, Mai had to ...
3. After Ha had read some documents about Green Earth,
→
sheHaving
decidedreadto …,
joinHa decided
the ...
organisation.
4. Since the farmers used too much chemical fertilizer on
their farm,used
→ Having they…,nowthehave to drink
farmers nowpolluted water.
have to ...
5. After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED
lights,
→ she replaced
Having saved a lot…, of
shemoney
savedon …. her electricity bills.
6. After the students had learnt about the benefits of
recycling and reusing, they started collecting waste paper,
bottles,
→ Having and cansabout
learnt to recycle and
…, the reuse. started collecting …
students
Activity 5: Combine the sentences, using the perfect gerunds.

Example:
0. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group
11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard. They were
praised for that.
→ The students in Group 11G were praised for
having planted the most trees in the schoolyard in the TPC.
Comprehension questions:
What does “they” replace for? the students in Group 11G
What were they praised for? planting the most trees in …
Does “planting the most trees” happen before or after
“being praised”?
 Activity 5: Combine the sentences, using the perfect gerunds.
1. Tony had rescued the kids from the fire. People admired him for that.
2. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected
Mike of doing it.
3. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it.
4. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. Thank you for that.
5. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what
they had done.
6. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily
fined for that.
7. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was
rewarded for that.
8. I have seen him before. I remember that.
9. 'You've lied to us,' the villagers said. The politician denied it.
10. Thanh had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before he left his house.
He admitted that.
11. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly
criticized for that.
12. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job. He regretted it.
Activity 5: Combine the sentences, using the perfect gerund.

1. Tony had rescued the kids from the fire. People

admired
→ People him for that.
admired Tony for having rescued the kids …
2. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the
→ TheThe
park. police suspected
police Mike ofMike
suspected having
ofcut down
doing it.…
3. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He
denied it. having dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach.
→ He denied
4. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild
animals.
→ Thank youThank you for
for having that.
saved the lives of … wild animals.
5. They had hunted and killed many wild animals.
Later
→ Theythey regretted
regretted what
having they
hunted andhad done.
killed …
6. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into
the river.
→ The It was
factory washeavily finedfor
heavily fined forhaving
that. dumped ...
Activity 5: Combine the sentences, using the perfect gerund.

7. Denis had taken an active part in the Green

Summer activities.
→ Denis was rewardedHe
forwas rewarded
having taken anfor that.
active part …
8. I have seen him before. I remember that.
→ I remember having seen him before.
9. 'You've lied to us,' the villagers said. The politician
denied it.
→ The politician denied having lied to the villagers.
10. Thanh had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker
before
→ Thanhhe left his having
admitted house.forgotten
He admitted
to turnthat.
off ...
11. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach.
She waswas
→ Tonya strongly criticized
strongly criticizedfor
forthat.
having dumped ...
12. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous
job.
→ Heregretted
Sam regretted notit.having worked hard enough …
Practise the activities again.