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IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates
IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates
Changes in Foreign
Exchange Rates
Day 10
1
Accounting issues
A company may engage in foreign currency operations in
two ways:
entering directly into transactions which are denominated in
foreign currencies
conducting foreign operations through a foreign entity
Resultant transactions and balances must be translated into
the reporting currency for inclusion in financial statements
Key issues
Which exchange rate to use?
How to treat any exchange differences?
2
Key definitions
Closing rate – spot exchange rate at the end of the
reporting period
3
Key definitions (contd)
Functional currency – Currency of the primary economic
environment in which the entity operates
4
Key definitions (contd)
Monetary items – money held and assets (and liabilities) to
be received (or paid) in a fixed or determinable number of
units of currency.
Examples include cash, loans, receivables and payables
Non-monetary items
Examples include non-current assets, goodwill, inventory.
5
Accounting for transactions
Record on initial recognition
in the functional currency
by applying the market (spot) rate
at the date of the transaction
6
Monetary settlements
Settlement in the same accounting period as initially
recognised
exchange difference is recognised in profit or loss
7
Year-end balances
Monetary balances are retranslated at the closing rate
exchange difference is recognised in profit or loss
8
Case study – Aston
On 25 October Aston buys goods from a Mexican supplier for Peso
286,000. The goods remain in inventory at the year end.
Required:
Show the accounting entries for the transactions in each of the following
situations:
(a) on 16 November Aston pays the supplier in full
(b) the supplier remains unpaid at the year end, 31 December.
9
Solution – Aston (supplier paid)
$ $
25 Oct Dr Purchases
(286,000 ÷ 11.16) 25,627
Cr Trade payable 25,627
10
Solution – Aston (supplier not paid)
$ $
25 Oct Dr Purchases
(286,000 ÷ 11.16 ) 25,627
Cr Trade payable 25,627
31 Dec Dr Profit or Loss
– exchange loss
(other operating expense) 326
Cr Trade payable
(286,000 ÷ 11.02 – 25,627) 326
11
Case study – Warrior
Warrior has a year end of 31 December 2015. On 29 November
2015 Warrior received a loan from an Australian bank of AUD
1,520,000.
The proceeds are used to finance in part the purchase of a new office
block. The loan remains unsettled at the year end.
Required:
12
Solution – Warrior
US $000 US $000
29 Nov Dr Cash
(1,520,000 ÷ 1.52) 1,000
Cr Loan 1,000
31 Dec Dr Loan 84
13
Net investment in a foreign operation
An entity may have a monetary item that is receivable from/payable to
a foreign operation
14
15