Study Id104128 Economy-Of-Poland

Economy of Poland
ECONOMY OF POLAND
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
01 GDP
GDP in Poland 2011-2020 02
Annual GDP growth in Poland 2011-2021 03
Change in GDP in Poland 2018-2021 04
Volume growth rate of real gross domestic product in Poland 2020-2021, by segments 05
GDP per inhabitant in current prices in Poland 2019-2020, by regions 06
Size of hidden economy in creating GDP in Poland 2019 07
Real GDP growth forecasts in Poland 2021-2025 08
02 Labor market
Employment rate of persons aged 15-64 in Poland 2001-2020 10
Registered unemployment rate in Poland 1990-2020 11
Activity rate of persons aged 15-89 years in Poland 2021 12
Number of self-employed persons in Poland 2015-2020 13
Number of vacancies in Poland 2021 14
Table of Contents
Number of job vacancies Poland 2005-2020 15

Average monthly gross wages in national economy in Poland 1995-2021 16
Average real wage and salary growth in Poland 2008-2021 17
Average weekly hours worked on the main job in Poland 2000-2020 18
03 Inflation
Yearly price indices of consumer goods and services in Poland 1989-2021 20
Monthly consumer price index in Poland 2018-2022 21
Consumer price index in Poland 2020-2022, by product type 22
Rate of inflation for food in Poland 2015-2021 23
Products and services with the highest consumer price index in Poland 2021 24
Annual average CPI forecasts in Poland 2018-2025 25
04 Government finances
Execution of the state budget in Poland 2020 27
Table of Contents
Year on year change in execution of the state budget in Poland 2021 28

State budget tax revenue in Poland 2020 29
Government debt in relation to GDP in Poland 1995-2020 30
Poland: change in government debt as share of GDP 2011-2020 31
Government revenue as a share of GDP in Poland 2000-2021 32
Government expenditure as a share of GDP in Poland 2000-2021 33
General government expenditure in Poland 2019, by function 34
Government expenditure as a share of GDP forecast for Poland 2021-2026 35
Financial result of selected state-owned companies in Poland 2020-2021 36
Poland's contributions to and receipts from the EU budget 2004-2020 37
05 Business enterprises
Number of small medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Poland 2018-2020, by size 39
Number of microenterprises in Poland 2008-2019 40
Number of enterprises and their foreign entities in Poland 2011-2019 41
Table of Contents
Number of new and liquidated enterprises in Poland 2008-2020 42

Number of business enterprises in Poland 2014-2019 43
Number of economic entities registrations during COVID-19 in Poland 2019-2021 44
Corporate income tax payers in Poland 2019-2020 45
Largest private companies in Poland 2021, by value 46
Companies with highest capitalisation on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in Poland 2021 47
Ranking of brands in Poland 2021, by value 48
06 Foreign trade
First export partner in Poland 1929-2020, by export share 50
Value of total product exports from Poland 2000-2020 51
Export value in Poland 2019-2020, by commodity group 52
Export revenue in Poland 2020, by major country 53
Value of total product imports to Poland 2000-2020 54
Import value in Poland 2019-2020, by commodity group 55
Table of Contents
Import revenue in Poland 2020, by major country 56

Foreign trade goods balance in Poland 2000-2020 57
Goods with the highest export value in Poland 2001-2020 58
Goods in which Poland is the export leader among EU-28 countries 2001-2020 59
07 Further key economic indicators

Annual gross domestic investment in Poland 2017-2020 61
GDP per capita PPP in Poland 2020 62
Domestic demand in Poland 2017-2020 63
Manufacturing PMI in Poland 2018-2022 64
Euro to Polish zloty monthly exchange rate 2014-2022 65
Forecast of WIBOR 3M rate level in Poland 2010-2030 66
Value of money supply in Poland 2002-2020 67
M&A activity in Poland: deal numbers 2011-2021 68
Foreign direct investments in Poland 2010-2020 69
Table of Contents
ECONOMY OF POLAND
GDP
Gross Domestic Product in Poland from 2011 to 2020 (in million zloty)
GDP in Poland 2011-2020
2,500,000
2,293,199 2,323,859
2,121,555
1,989,835
2,000,000
1,863,487
1,801,112
1,711,244
1,623,442 1,646,724
1,565,251
GDP in million zloty
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020*
Note(s): Poland; 2011 to 2020

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 71.
2 Source(s): Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 1244918 GDP
Annual percentage change in the Gross Domestic Product in Poland from 2011 to 2021*
Annual GDP growth in Poland 2011-2021
7.0%
6.0% 5.7%
5.4%
4.8% 4.8% 4.7%
5.0%
4.2%
4.0% 3.4%
3.1%
3.0%
YoY change
2.0%
1.3%
1.1%
1.0%
0.0%
-1.0%
-2.0% -2.5%
-3.0%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021**

Quarterly change in the gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland between 1st quarter 2018 and 4th quarter 2021
Change in GDP in Poland 2018-2021
Seasonally adjusted* Seasonally unadjusted**
15%
11.2%
10.9%
10%
7.7%
7.3%
5.6%
5.5% 5.9%
5.5% 5.5% 5.5%
5.3%
5.1% 5.1% 5.4% 5.3%
4.9% 4.9% 4.6%
YoY change in GDP
5% 4%
3.7%
2.2%
2%
0% -0.8%
-1.1%
-1.5%
-1.9%
-2.5%
-5%
-7.9%
-8.2%
-10%
Q1 '18 Q2 '18 Q3 '18 Q4 '18 Q1 '19 Q2 '19 Q3 '19 Q4 '19 Q1 '20 Q2 '20 Q3 '20 Q4 '20 Q1 '21 Q2 '21 Q3 '21 Q4 '21
Note(s): Poland; Q1 2018 to Q4 2021

Volume growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland from 2020 to 2021, by segments*
Volume growth rate of real gross domestic product in Poland 2020-2021, by segments
Q1 '20 Q2 '20 Q3 '20 Q4 '20 Q1 '21 Q2 '21 Q3 '21 Q4 '21
Gross domestic product 2.2% -8.2% -1.5% -2.5% -0.8% 11.2% 5.3% 7.3%
Gross value added, in which: 2.3% -7.9% -1.7% -2.8% -1.2% 10.3% 5.1% 7.1%
Industry -3% -16.7% -2.7% -1% 7.5% 27.2% 10.4% 14.2%
Construction 4.2% -2.2% -9.7% -6.7% -14.9% 3.1% 5.2% 5.8%
Trade; repair of motor vehicles 2.2% -11% 1% -3.5% -0.2% 12.8% 4.5% 7.7%
Transportation and storage 0.4% -18.8% -6.5% -2.5% 2.2% 25.3% 13.4% 16.5%
Accomodation and catering -4.6% -81.6% -32.4% -72.1% -76.6% 21.7% 8.7% 11.9%
Information and communication 8.6% 5.8% 7.9% 4.4% -2% -1.6% -2.9% -2%
Financial and insurance activity 1.7% -14% -21.2% -24.1% -21.2% -13% 2.2% -9.9%
Real estate activities 6% 3.7% 4.8% 4.3% 5.7% 2.8% 3% 6.1%
Professional scientific and technical activities. 3.6% -2.2% 1.2% 1.5% -0.1% 4.9% -0.6% -1%
Administrative and support service activities
Public administration and defense; compulsory 4.3% 2.4% 3.5% 2.5% 2.7% 3.1% 2.4% 2.7%
social security. Education. Human health and
social work activities

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per inhabitant in current prices in Poland from 2019 to 2020, by regions (in 1,000
zloty)
GDP per inhabitant in current prices in Poland 2019-2020, by regions
GDP per capita in thousand zloty*
2019 2020
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
60.66
Poland 59.6
67.15
Dolnolskie 65.24
49.44
Kujawsko-pomorskie 47.46
41.32
Lubelskie 40.74
49.39
Lubuskie 48.44
58.84
Łódzkie 56.13
55.45
Maopolskie 54.55
51.63
Mazowieckie 51.49
47.72
Opolskie 47.04
41.94
Podkarpackie 41.85
44.52
Podlaskie 42.98
57.67
Pomorskie 58.03
60.09
lskie 60.96
43.65
więtokrzystkie 42.67

Share of hidden economy in creating gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland in 2019
Size of hidden economy in creating GDP in Poland 2019
Share
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Non-observed economy in total 11.1%
Hidden economy 10.7%
In registered economic entities 9%
Due to non-registered work 1.7%
Illegal activity 0.4%
Pimps services 0.04%
Drugs 0.34%
Smuggling of tobacco products 0.01%
Note(s): Poland; 2019

Forecasts of the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in Poland from 2021 to 2025
Real GDP growth forecasts in Poland 2021-2025
6.0%
5.0% 4.9%
4.6%
4.0% 3.7%
3.5% 3.5%
Real GDP growth
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

8 Source(s): Ministry of Finance (Poland); ID 1065334 GDP
ECONOMY OF POLAND
Labor market
Employment rate of persons aged 15-64 in Poland from 2001 to 2020*
Employment rate of persons aged 15-64 in Poland 2001-2020
70%
65%
60%
Employment rate
55%
50%
45%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

10 Source(s): Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 1259747 Labor market
Registered unemployment rate in Poland from 1990 to 2020
Registered unemployment rate in Poland 1990-2020
25%
20% 20%
20% 19%
17.5% 17.6%
16.4% 16%
14.9% 15.1% 14.8%
14.3%
Unemployment rate
15%
13.2% 13.1% 13.4%13.4%
12.2% 12.1%12.4%12.5%
11.2% 11.4%
10.3%10.4%
9.5% 9.7%
10%
8.2%
6.5% 6.6% 6.2%
5.8%
5.2%
5%
0%
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Poland; December 1990 to December 2020

Activity rate of persons aged 15-89 years in Poland in 2021*
Activity rate of persons aged 15-89 years in Poland 2021
Activity rate
Q1 '21 Q2 '21 Q3 '21
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
58.2%
Total 57.6%
57.3%
66.3%
65.8%
65.8%
50.7%
Females 50.1%
49.4%
58.3%
58%
57.3%
57.9%
Rural areas 57%
57.1%
31.9%
30.6%
30.6%
86.1%
25-34 years 86.6%
85.7%
89.6%
89.4%
89%
45-59/64 80%
78.5%
years 78.1%
79.9%
79.2%
Post working 78.7%
9.3%
age (60/65- 9%
8.6%
89)***
Note(s): Poland; Q1 to Q3 2021

Number of self-employed people in Poland from 2015 to 2020 (in 1,000s)
Number of self-employed persons in Poland 2015-2020
3,500
3,009.3
3,000 2,924.6 2,909.2 2,909.4 2,933.5 2,926.6
Number of self-employed persons in thousand
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Poland; 2015 to 2020; 15-74 years

13 Source(s): Eurostat; ID 1257209 Labor market
Number of jobs in Poland from 2019 to 2021 (in 1,000s)
Number of vacancies in Poland 2021
Vacancies as of the end of the quarter Vacancies - newly created jobs as of the end of the quarter
Newly created jobs during the quarter Liquidated jobs during the quarter
300
262.3
250
Number of jobs in thousands
191.7
200
170.6
151.8 151.2
148.6 153.5
142.5 146.8 145.8
142.8
150 132.6
125.4 126.4
114.4 119.9
110.2
88.7 93.6 91.1 91.5
100 81.9 81.9
81.4 82.1 84.4
76.5
70.2
61.3 62.4 58.5 57.8
53.9
50 30.7 31.5 32.9 35 35.7
28.4 24
16.2 17 18.3 17.5
0
Q1 '19 Q2 '19 Q4 '19 Q1 '20 Q2 '20 Q3 '19 Q3 '20 Q4 '20 Q1 '21 Q2 '21 Q3 '21
Note(s): Poland; Q1 2019 to Q3 2021

Number of vacant jobs in Poland from 2005 to 2020* (in 1,000s)
Number of job vacancies Poland 2005-2020
180
166.9
160
139.2
140
125.4
Number of vacancies in thousands
117.8
120
100 93.4
84.4
75.7 78
80
63.9
58.9
60 51.6 54.4
45.5
40.9 39.2
40 35.5
20
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Average monthly gross wages and salaries in the national economy of Poland from 1995 to 2021* (in zloty)
Average monthly gross wages in national economy in Poland 1995-2021
6,000
5,000
Average monthly gross salary in zloty
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Average real wage and salary growth in Poland from 2008 to 2021*
Average real wage and salary growth in Poland 2008-2021
7.0%
6%
Avarage salary growth compared to the previous year
6.0%
5.3%
5.0% 4.8%
4.2% 4.2%
4.0%
3.4% 3.4%
3%
3.0%
2.5%
2.1%
2.0% 1.7%
1.5%
1.2%
1.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Average usual weekly hours worked on the main job in Poland from 2000 to 2020
Average weekly hours worked on the main job in Poland 2000-2020
40.4
40.3
40.3
40.2 40.2
40.2
40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1
40.1
Average usual weekly hours
40 40
40.0
39.9 39.9 39.9
39.9
39.8 39.8 39.8 39.8 39.8
39.8
39.7 39.7 39.7
39.7
39.6
39.6
39.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

18 Source(s): OECD; ID 419604 Labor market
ECONOMY OF POLAND
Inflation
Yearly consumer price index (CPI) in Poland from 1989 to 2021
Yearly price indices of consumer goods and services in Poland 1989-2021
700%
585.8%
600%
500%
Inflation rate (previous year=100)
400%
300%
251.1%
200%
100% 70.3%
43% 35.3%32.2%
27.8%19.9%14.9%
11.8%7.3%10.1%5.5% 1.9% 0.8% 3.5% 2.1% 1% 2.5% 4.2% 3.5% 2.6% 4.3% 3.7% 0.9% 0% -0.9%-0.6% 2% 1.6% 2.3% 3.4% 5.1%
0%
-100%
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

20 Source(s): Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 1258363 Inflation
Monthly consumer price index (CPI) change of goods and services in Poland from 2018 to 2022
Monthly consumer price index in Poland 2018-2022
10.0%
9.2%
9.0% 8.6%
Inflation rate (percentage change compared to the cor-
7.8%
8.0%
6.8%
responding period of the previous year)
7.0%
5.9%
6.0% 5.5%
5%
5.0% 4.7%
4.6% 4.7%
4.3% 4.3% 4.4%
4.0% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3%

3.2% 3.2%
2.9%
2.9% 2.9% 3%2.9% 3% 3%
3.0% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6%
2.5% 2.6%
2.4% 2.3% 2.4%
2.2%
1.9% 2% 2% 2%1.9%
1.7% 1.8% 1.7%
2.0% 1.6%
1.4%
1.3% 1.3%
1.1% 1.2%
1.0% 0.7%
0.0%
'18 '18 '18 l '18 '18 '18 '19 '19 '19 l '19 '19 '19 '20 '20 '20 l '20 '20 '20 '21 '21 '21 l '21 '21 '21 '22
n ar ay Ju p v n ar ay Ju p v n ar ay Ju p v n ar ay Ju p v n
Ja M M Se No Ja M M Se No Ja M M Se No Ja M M Se No Ja
Note(s): Poland; 2018 to January 2022

Consumer price index (CPI) in Poland from 2020 to 2022, by type of product
Consumer price index in Poland 2020-2022, by product type
Food and non-alcoholic beverages Dwelling Transport
30%
24.1%
22.1% 22.7%
Inflation rate (percentage change compared to the cor-
19.5% 18.5% 17.8% 18.5%

20% 16.5% 17.5%
16.2%
responding period of the previous year)
12%
10.7% 11.2%
9% 8.6% 9.4%
10% 6.2% 6.2% 6.9% 7.2% 6.4%
5.8%
5.1% 5.1% 5.2% 5.4%
5.1% 5.7% 6% 5.9% 5%
3.9% 4.5% 4.6% 4.8% 4.7% 4.6% 3.9% 4.4%
3% 2.7% 2.3% 2% 2% 3.1%
0.7% 1.3% 0.9% 1.1% 1.7%
0.1%
-0.1% 0.5%
-1.6%
0%
-4.5% -4%
-9.2% -9.2% -9.2% -8.4%

-10% -12.3%
-16.1%
-19.3%
-20%
-30%
May '20 Jun '20 Jul '20 Aug '20 Sep '20 Oct '20 Nov '20 Dec '20 Jan '21 Feb '21 Mar '21 Apr '21 May '21 Jun '21 Jul '21 Aug '21 Sep '21 Oct '21 Nov '21 Dec '21 Jan '22
Note(s): Poland; 2020 to January 2022

Inflation rate for food in Poland from November 2015 to November 2021
Rate of inflation for food in Poland 2015-2021
9.0%
8%
8.0% 7.5%
7.5% 7.4%
7.2%
6.8% 6.9%
7.0% 6.5%
6.3% 6.4%
6.1% 6.2%
6%
6.0% 5.7% 5.7%
5.4% 5.4%
5% 5% 5%
4.8%
5.0%
4.4%
4.3% 4.4%
4.1%
Inflation rate
3.9% 3.9% 3.9%

4.0% 3.7%
3.7% 3.7%
3.3% 3.4% 3.3%
3.1% 3% 3% 3.1%
2.8% 2.7% 2.8%
3.0% 2.5% 2.6%
2.3% 2.4%
2.2%
2.1% 2.1% 2% 2%
1.8% 1.7%
2.0%
1.2% 1.2%
0.9%
0.9% 0.8%
0.8%
1.0% 0.7% 0.6%
0.5%
0.1%
0.0%
'15 16 17 17 '17 '17 t '17 c '17 '18 r '18 '18 '18 t '18 c '18 '19 r '19 '19 '19 t '19 c '19 '20 r '20 '20 '20 t '20 c '20 '21 r '21 '21 '21 t '21
v ec ' eb ' pr ' n g c e b p n g c e b p n g c e b p n g c e b p n g c
No D F A Ju Au O D F e A Ju A u O D F e A Ju Au O D F e A Ju A u O D F e A Ju Au O
Note(s): Poland; November 2015 to November 2021

23 Source(s): Trading Economics; Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 537928 Inflation
Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for products and services in Poland compared to the EU average in
December 2021
Products and services with the highest consumer price index in Poland 2021
HICP
Poland EU
-5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

6.27%
All-items HICP
10.8%
11.38%
Food including alcohol and tobacco
16.2%
10.35%
Processed food including alcohol and tobacco
14%
14.23%
Unprocessed food
25.9%
0.95%
Non-energy industrial goods
-1.3%
7.84%
Services (excl.goods)
21.8%
7.46%
Energy and uprocessed food
11.4%
6.55%
Overall indes excl.energy
11.5%
5.09%
Overall index excl.energy, food, alcohol and tobacco
9.7%
6.1%
Overall index excl.energy and unprocessed food
10.7%
Note(s): Poland; December 2021

24 Source(s): Eurostat; ID 1089563 Inflation
Forecasts of the annual average consumer price index (CPI) in Poland from 2018 to 2025
Annual average CPI forecasts in Poland 2018-2025
5.0%
4.5% 4.3%
4.0%
3.5% 3.4%
3.3%
3%
3.0%
2.7%
2.5%
2.5%
CPI
2.0% 1.8%
1.6%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
2018 2019 2020 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025*

25 Source(s): Ministry of Finance (Poland); ID 1065341 Inflation
ECONOMY OF POLAND
Government finances
Execution of the state budget in Poland in 2020* (in million zloty)
Execution of the state budget in Poland 2020
State budget in million zloty
Plan Execusion
-200,000 -100,000 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000
419,836.8
Revenue
398,671.6
504,851
Expenditure
508,019.3
-85,014.2
Deficit/Surplus
-109,347.6
2,002.1
Financial resources transfered for financing the budget of European funds
0
-1,783.7
Financial result of the budget of European funds
-16,953.9
113,385.5
Domestic sources of financing deficit
139,639
-26,369.2
Foreign sources of financing deficit
-13,337.5

27 Source(s): Ministry of Finance (Poland); ID 1085726 Government finances
Year-on-year change in the state budget in Poland in 2021
Year on year change in execution of the state budget in Poland 2021
YoY change*
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Revenues 18%
Value added tax (VAT) 19%
Personal income tax (PIT) 15%
Corporate income tax (CIT) 27%
Indirect taxes (incl.excise tax) 2%
Tax from some financial institutions 10%
Non-taxed income 28%
Expenditure 3%
Note(s): Poland; January to December 2021

28 Source(s): Statista; Ministry of Finance (Poland); ID 1101161 Government finances
State budget tax revenue in Poland in 2020* (in million zloty)
State budget tax revenue in Poland 2020
Plan and execution in million zloty
Plan Execusion
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000
370,298.3
Tax revenue
349,740
258,677.1
Indirect taxes (incl.excise tax)
240,700
41,329.6
Corporate income tax (CIT)
38,500
63,797.4
Personal income tax (PIT)
64,100
4,822.1
Tax from some financial institutions
4,740

29 Source(s): Ministry of Finance (Poland); ID 1085731 Government finances
General government debt in relation to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Poland from 1995 to 2020
Government debt in relation to GDP in Poland 1995-2020
70%
60% 56.5% 57.5%

53.5% 54.7% 54.4% 54.2%
51.1% 51.3% 50.6%
49.8% 48.8%
50% 47.5% 46.6% 46.6% 47.3% 46.7% 46%
Government debt in % of GDP
45.1% 44.5%
42.3% 42.2% 41.7%
40% 38.4% 38.9%
36.4% 37.3%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

30 Source(s): Trading Economics; Central Statistical Office of Poland; Eurostat; ID 1062119 Government finances
Change on previous year of general government consolidated gross debt as a share of gross domestic product (GDP)
in Poland from 2011 to 2020
Poland: change in government debt as share of GDP 2011-2020
14%
12.5%
12%
Change in consolidated gross debt as share of GDP
10%
8%
6% 5.2%
4.6%
4%
2.9% 2.7%
1.7%
2% 1.3%
0.4%
0%
-0.1%
-2%
-4% -3.3%
-6%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

31 Source(s): Eurostat; ID 432426 Government finances
Government revenue as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland from 2000 to 2021
Government revenue as a share of GDP in Poland 2000-2021
42.0% 41.71%
41.5% 41.29%
41.02% 41.08%
40.91% 40.92%
41.0%
40.57%
40.5% 40.37% 40.3%
40.11%
Revenue as a share of GDP
40.0% 39.79%
39.54%
39.5% 39.35%
39.12%
39.03% 38.99% 39.08%
39.0% 38.75% 38.72%
38.61%
38.45%
38.5%
38.0% 37.76%
37.5%
37.0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*

32 Source(s): IMF; ID 432224 Government finances
Government expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland from 2000 to 2021
Government expenditure as a share of GDP in Poland 2000-2021
50.0%
49.0% 48.66%
48.0%
47.0%
Expenditure as a share of GDP
45.85%
46.0% 45.55%
45.17% 45.01% 45.17%
44.83%
45.0% 44.45%
44.24% 44.17% 44.09%
44.0% 43.62%
43.02% 43.15% 42.98%
42.9%
43.0% 42.64%
41.68% 41.77%
42.0% 41.54%
41.11% 41.27%
41.0%
40.0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*

Total government expenditure as a percentage of GDP in Poland in 2019, by function
General government expenditure in Poland 2019, by function
General public services 10.1%
Defence 3.8%
Public order and safety 5.0%
Social protection 40.1%

Economic affairs 11.5%
Environmental protection 1.2%

Housing and community amenities 1.2%
Health 11.8%
Education 12% Recreation, culture and religion 3.1%

34 Source(s): Eurostat; ID 1219924 Government finances
Forecasted government expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland from 2021 to 2026
Government expenditure as a share of GDP forecast for Poland 2021-2026
45.5%
45.17%
45.0%
Expenditure as a share of GDP
44.5%
44.0%
43.5%
43.23%
43.17% 43.12%
43% 43.05%
43.0%
42.5%
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

Financial result of companies owned by the state in Poland between 1st quarter 2020 and 1st quarter 2021, by
company (in million zloty)
Financial result of selected state-owned companies in Poland 2020-2021
Profit/loss in million zloty
Q1 '20 Q1 '21
-2,500 -2,000 -1,500 -1,000 -500 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500
1,855
PKN Orlen -2,244
1,747
PGNiG 779
1,366
KGHM 692
1,177
PKO BP 503
897
PZU 116
851
Tauron 162
808
PGE 432
386
Enea 445
353
Lotos -1,312
246
Pekao 187
88
Grupa Azoty 151
39
GPW 29
33
PHN 29
-71
PKP Cargo -114
Note(s): Poland; Q1 2020 and Q1 2021

36 Source(s): Money.pl; ID 1242465 Government finances
Poland's contributions to and receipts from the European Union budget from 2004 to 2020 (in billion euros)
Poland's contributions to and receipts from the EU budget 2004-2020
Receipts from the EU budget Contributions to the EU budget
20 18.99
18 17.1
16.3
Contributions to and receipts in billion euros
15.6 15.8
16 15.4
14.3
14 13.1
12 11.2 11.2
10
10 9.3
8 7.4 7.4
5.83
6 5.3 5
4.4 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.5
4 3.7
4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6
3.2
2.5 2.6 2.8
2.4
2 1.3
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

37 Source(s): ; ID 1135294 Government finances
ECONOMY OF POLAND
Business enterprises
Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland between 2018 and 2020, by size
Number of small medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Poland 2018-2020, by size
2018 2020
2,500,000
1,979,307
2,000,000 1,881,620
1,729,223
1,664,944
Number of companies
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
49,890 80,076
14,389 14,501 0 3,110
0
Micro Small Medium-sized Large Total SME
Note(s): Poland; 2018 and 2020

39 Source(s): European Commission; Eurostat; ID 818716 Business enterprises
Number of microenterprises in Poland from 2008 to 2019 (in 1,000s)
Number of microenterprises in Poland 2008-2019
Total including companies of natural persons
2,250
2,144.2
2,150
2,078.7
Number of microenterprises in thousands
2,050 2,004.3
1,937.3
1,950 1,901.6
1,855.4
1,838.4
1,850
1,788.9 1,791.1
1,764.6 1,754.7
1,750 1,710.6 1,719.2
1,701.1 1,693.8 1,691.1
1,655.1 1,644.7
1,650 1,604.4 1,612.9 1,612.9
1,585.1
1,567.3
1,550 1,514.3
1,450
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

40 Source(s): Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości; Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 1257876 Business enterprises
Number of enterprises and their foreign entities in Poland from 2011 to 2019
Number of enterprises and their foreign entities in Poland 2011-2019
Enterprises in Poland Foreign entities
4,500
3,897 3,941 3,979

4,000 3,890 3,849
3,532
3,500 3,252
3,060 3,084
3,000
Number of companies
2,500
2,000 1,838 1,859 1,848

1,667 1,716
1,520 1,562
1,438 1,373
1,500
1,000
500
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

41 Source(s): Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 1002019 Business enterprises
Number of new and liquidated enterprises in Poland from 2008 to 2020
Number of new and liquidated enterprises in Poland 2008-2020
New Liquidated
450
402
393
400 384 379
365 360 361
358 358 357
350 346 349
350 332 329
318
Number of companies
305
292 294
300 287
270
252
245
250 238
227
200
170
150
100
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

42 Source(s): Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości; Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 1255153 Business enterprises
Number of active, newly-born and liquidated business enterprises in Poland from 2014 to 2019
Number of business enterprises in Poland 2014-2019
Active Newly-born Liquidated
3,000,000
2,500,000 2,357,486 2,412,068 2,415,434

2,310,075 2,322,431 2,329,239
2,000,000
Number of enterprises
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
289,067 235,707 283,760 282,433 290,704 305,731 304,564
206,314 209,866
0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Number of registrations of economic entities during the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Poland between the 1st
quarter of 2019 and 4th quarter of 2021, by business sector*
Number of economic entities registrations during COVID-19 in Poland 2019-2021
Industry Construction Trade; repair of motor vehicles Transportation and storage

Acomodation and catering Information and communication Services Other
120,000
100,000
80,000
Number of registrations
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
Q1 '19 Q2 '19 Q1 '20 Q2 '20 Q3 '20 Q4 '20 Q1 '21 Q2 '21 Q3 '21 Q4 '21
Note(s): Poland; Q1 2019 and Q4 2021

Largest corporate income tax (CIT) payers in Poland from 2019 to 2020 (in million zloty)
Corporate income tax payers in Poland 2019-2020
CIT in million zloty
2019 2020
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

2,180.7
PGNiG 471.84
1,294.12
PKO BP bank 1,374.55
998.54
ING bank 775.97
972.83
Pekao bank 746.29
777.25
PGK PGE 472.76
774.83
Santander bank 751.05
770.06
KGHM 671.89
689.76
Jeronimo Martins Polska 623.88
638.36
PZU 551.46
478.04
mBank 464.53
317.67
Millennium Bank 335.21
296.15
P4 268.9
275.18
PGK ENEA 370.32
269.01
PKN Orlen 736.99

45 Source(s): Ministry of Finance (Poland); Business Insider; ID 1086300 Business enterprises
Ranking of the largest private companies in Poland in 2021, by company value (in billion zloty)
Largest private companies in Poland 2021, by value
Company value in billion zloty
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Cyfrowy Polsat 34.61
Dino Polska 33.56
InPolst 33.27
LPP 29.68
CD Projekt 18.51
Synthos 16.14
Polpharma 11.42

46 Source(s): Forbes; Haitong Bank; ID 1073178 Business enterprises
Biggest companies on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (Gieda Papierów Wartociowych) in Poland as of October 2021
(capitalization in billion zloty)
Companies with highest capitalisation on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in Poland 2021
Capitalisation in billion zloty
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Banco Santander SA 267.05
125.64
CEZ a.s. 76.07
60.39
ALLEGRO.EU 55.77
38.25
PKN Orlen SA 37.66
36.6
Dino Polska SA 35.57
34.58
ING Bank lski SA 33.7
32.6
Bank Pekao SA 32.15
28.61
Pepco Group BV 27.48
Note(s): Poland; October 2021

47 Source(s): Giełda Papierów Wartościowych; StockWatch.pl; ID 1105748 Business enterprises
Leading brands in Poland in 2021, by value of brand (in million zloty)
Ranking of brands in Poland 2021, by value
Value of brand in million zloty
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000

Orlen 9,869
Biedronka 7,267.7
PGNiG 6,026.9
PGE 5,224.6
Lotos 3,322.8
PZU 3,322
KGHM 3,115.1
Tauron 2,166
Lotto 1,599.3
PKO Bank Polski 1,504.6
TVN (television) 1,314
PGNiG (fossil fuels) 1,257.5
Lotto (games) 1,229.9
Bank Pekao (bank) 1,222.9
Lotos (petroleum) 1,159.3
Note(s): Poland; 2021; 220 respondents; Polish brands

48 Source(s): Rzeczpospolita; Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo; ID 1088893 Business enterprises
ECONOMY OF POLAND
Foreign trade
Leading export partner of Poland from 1929 to 2020, by share of exports
First export partner in Poland 1929-2020, by export share
45%
40% 38.3%
35.1% 35.3% 34.9%
35%
31.2% 31.5% 31.2%
30.5%
29.4% 28.4% 29%
30% 28.2% 28.2% 27.7%
25.1% 26.1%
24.3%
25%
Share of exports
20% 18.2%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1929, 1938, 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2018, 2019, 2020,
Germany United USSR USSR USSR USSR USSR USSR USSR USSR Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany
Kingdom
Year, Leading export partner

50 Source(s): Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 1258788 Foreign trade
Value of total product exports from Poland from 2000 to 2020 (in billion euros)
Value of total product exports from Poland 2000-2020
300
250 238.15 239.9

223.6
206.65
Export value in billion euros
200
179.58 184.84
165.77
154.99
150 143.46
136.69
116.24 120.37
101.84 98.22
100 87.93
71.42
59.7
43.5 47.53
50 40.19
34.37
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Value of exports from Poland from 2019 to 2020, by commodity group (in million euros)
Export value in Poland 2019-2020, by commodity group
Exports in million EUR
2019 2020
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000
89,891.85
Machinery and transport equipment
90,665.36
42,609.66
Miscellaneous manufactured articles
41,067.95
42,077.6
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material
43,232.44
27,184.52
Food and live animals
25,542.07
23,114
Chemicals and related products
21,627.07
5,337.41
Beverages and tobacco
4,633.94
5,215.14
Crude materials inedible, except fuels
5,336.56
3,557.21
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related amterials
5,023.47
479.41
Commodities and transaction not classified
683.16
413.53
Animal and vegetable oils, fats, and waxes
335.46

Value of Polish exports to selected countries in 2020 (in billion euros)
Export revenue in Poland 2020, by major country
Turnover in billion euros
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Germany 69.4
Czech Republic 14.1
United Kingdom 13.7
France 13.5
Italy 10.4
Netherlands 10.2
Russia 7.2
Sweden 7
USA 6.7
Hungary 6.1

Value of total products imported into Poland from 2000 to 2020 (in billion euros)
Value of total product imports to Poland 2000-2020
250
236.98
228.17 229.4
206.08
200
177.23 180.92
168.43
Import value in billion euros
152.57 154.04 156.98

150 142.45
134.19
120.39
107.53
100.78
100
81.17
71.35
56.03 58.48 60.35
53.08
50
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Value of imports from Poland from 2019 to 2020, by commodity group (in million euros)
Import value in Poland 2019-2020, by commodity group
Imports in million EUR
2019 2020
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000
83,191.53
Machinery and transport equipment
86,283.05
37,822.56
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material
39,193.74
33,442.49
Chemicals and related products
32,058.14
33,405.07
Miscellaneous manufactured articles
31,433.54
17,823.37
Food and live animals
16,897.99
11,901.7
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related amterials
17,893.11
6,422.93
Crude materials inedible, except fuels
6,858.37
2,173.86
Commodities and transaction not classified
3,651.62
2,130.12
Beverages and tobacco
1,833.51
1,060.19
Animal and vegetable oils, fats, and waxes
872.96

Value of Polish imports from selected countries of origin* in 2020 (in billion euros)
Import revenue in Poland 2020, by major country
Turnover in billion euros
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Germany 50.2
China 33
Italy 11.8
Russia 10.2
Netherlands 9.1
France 7.9
Czech Republic 7.3
USA 7.2
South Korea 5.5
Belgium 5.2

Foreign trade goods balance in Poland from 2000 to 2020 (in billion zloty)
Foreign trade goods balance in Poland 2000-2020
60
47.2
40
17
20
9.9
2.5 5.1
Trade balance in billion zloty
0 -8.2
-11.1
-19.5
-20
-39.4 -40.1
-40 -44.7
-50.3
-56.2 -53.5 -55.2
-58.1 -57.5
-60 -64.6
-70.3
-75.2
-80
-91.6
-100
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

57 Source(s): Central Statistical Office of Poland; bankier.pl; ID 1095981 Foreign trade
Goods with the highest export value in Poland from 2001 to 2020 (in million euros)
Goods with the highest export value in Poland 2001-2020
2001 2005 2010 2015 2020
Parts for vehicles 3019 5947 9033 10734
Monitors and projectors 5521 4197 5294
Seating furniture 1411 2489 3078 4753 5223
Miscellaneous furniture 1257 2281 4960
Passenger cars 1574 4333 6628 5952 4943
Ships & barges 1156 2014 4073
Diesel engines 1435 2507

58 Source(s): Spotdata; KUKE; Eurostat; ID 1270245 Foreign trade
Goods in which Poland is the export leader among EU-28 countries from 2001 to 2020 (in million euros)
Goods in which Poland is the export leader among EU-28 countries 2001-2020
2001 2005 2010 2015 2020
Monitors and projectors 5295
Seating furniture 4754 1574 5223
Cigarettes 3551
Poultry meat 2331
Copper 930 4074 1411 1611
Passenger and cargo ships 2014 1435
Fruits and nuts 204
Coke and semi-coke 358 889 1500 1156
Household washing machines 1257
Shaving razors 1143
Miscellaneous wood products 221 348
Warships and lifeboats 843
Wood packaging 229
Mattresses, frames 1079
Coal and briquettes 1024

59 Source(s): Spotdata; KUKE; Eurostat; ID 1270260 Foreign trade
ECONOMY OF POLAND
Further key economic indicators

Gross capital formation in Poland between 2017 and 2020 (in million zloty)
Annual gross domestic investment in Poland 2017-2020
500,000
452,352
450,000 440,550
396,203 401,312
400,000
Gross capital investment in zloty
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2017 2018 2019 2020

61 Source(s): Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 1267755 Further key economic indicators
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP) in Poland from 1990 to 2020 (in
U.S. dollars)
GDP per capita PPP in Poland 2020
35,000
30,000
25,000
GDP per capita PPP in USD
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Poland
62 Source(s): World Bank; ID 1258721 Further key economic indicators
Value of domestic demand in Poland from 2017 to 2020 (in million zloty)
Domestic demand in Poland 2017-2020
2,500,000
2,184,126 2,168,602
2,056,579
2,000,000 1,914,867
Domestic demand in million zloty
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
2017 2018 2019 2020

63 Source(s): Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 1267764 Further key economic indicators
Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) in Poland from 2018 to March 2022
Manufacturing PMI in Poland 2018-2022
Actual Forecast
65
59.459
60 57.25757.656.7
55.655 56 56.156.4
5555.3
54.7
54.654.1 53.9 54.254.2 54.353.754 54.553.854.4 54.454.7
55 53.753.7
53.253.253.353.152.953 52.852.952.4 53.4
52.7 53.453 5454.1
51.451.5 51.751.9
51.1 51.5 51.3
50.550.4
50.150.4
49.549.8 5050.650.850.850.8
50
4948.8
48.748.8 4948.9
48.44848.8
50 47.648.2
47.848.2
47.647.6 47.848.1
47.447.647.9 4848.348.2
48
46.746.847.4
46.6 47.2
46.5
45.6 45.2
45 42.4
40.6
PMI
40
35.6
34.6
35
31.9
30
25
'18 '18 '18 l '18 '18 '18 '19 '19 '19 l '19 '19 '19 '20 '20 '20 l '20 '20 '20 '21 '21 '21 l '21 '21 '21 '22 '22
n ar ay Ju p v n ar ay Ju p v n ar ay Ju p v n ar ay Ju p v n ar
Ja M M Se No Ja M M Se No Ja M M Se No Ja M M Se No Ja M
Note(s): Poland; January 2018 to March 2022

64 Source(s): Investing.com; IHS Markit; ID 1066618 Further key economic indicators
Euro (EUR) to Polish zloty (PLN) monthly exchange rate from February 2014 to February 2022
Euro to Polish zloty monthly exchange rate 2014-2022
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
Exchange rate
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
'14 '14 l '14 '14 '15 r '15 l '15 t '15 '16 r '16 l '16 t '16 '17 r '17 l '17 t '17 '18 r '18 l '18 t '18 '19 r '19 l '19 t '19 '20 r '20 l '20 t '20 '21 r '21 l '21 t '21 '22
n r Ju ct Jan Ju Oc n Ju Oc n Ju Oc n Ju Oc n Ju Oc n Ju Oc n Ju Oc n
Ja Ap O Ap Ja Ap Ja Ap Ja Ap Ja Ap Ja Ap Ja Ap Ja
Note(s): Europe, Poland; February 2014 to February 2022

65 Source(s): ECB; ID 438241 Further key economic indicators
Forecast of WIBOR 3M* rate level in Poland from 2010 to 2030
Forecast of WIBOR 3M rate level in Poland 2010-2030
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
WIBOR 3M rate
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

66 Source(s): National Bank of Poland; ID 1180529 Further key economic indicators
Annual value of the money supply (M1, M2 & M3) in Poland from 2002 to 2020* (in billion zloty)
Value of money supply in Poland 2002-2020
M1 M2 M3
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
Money supply in billion zloty
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Poland; 2002 to 2020*

67 Source(s): National Bank of Poland; ID 921881 Further key economic indicators
Number of merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions in Poland from 2011 to 2021
M&A activity in Poland: deal numbers 2011-2021
600
516
500
400
363
Number of M&A deals
346
331 323
300 285 279 288 282

270
258
200
100
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

68 Source(s): CMS Cameron McKenna; Emerging Markets Information Service; ID 413682 Further key economic indicators
Balance of foreign direct investment in Poland from 2010 to 2020 (in billion euros)
Foreign direct investments in Poland 2010-2020
18
16.6
16
14.8 14.8
13.5 13.5
Foreign direct investments in billion euros
14 13.3
12.8
12 11.2
10.2
10
5.8
6
2
0.7
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Poland
69 Source(s): Ministry of Finance (Poland); ID 1266637 Further key economic indicators
ECONOMY OF POLAND
References
Gross Domestic Product in Poland from 2011 to 2020 (in million zloty)
GDP in Poland 2011-2020
Description
Source and methodology information
In 2020, Poland's total gross domestic product was estimated to reach over 2.3 trillion zloty, increasing by 1.3
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland percent compared to the previous year. However, seasonally unadjusted GDP growth fell nearly three percent
year over year.
Conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland
Survey period 2011 to 2020
Region(s) Poland
Number of respondents n.a.
Age group n.a.
Special characteristics n.a.
Published by Central Statistical Office of Poland
Publication date June 2021
Original source Macroeconomic Data Bank - National accounts
Website URL visit the website
Notes: *Estimates Date of release is date of access
Back to statistic
71 References
Annual percentage change in the Gross Domestic Product in Poland from 2011 to 2021*
Annual GDP growth in Poland 2011-2021
Description
In 2021, the GDP of Poland was 5.7 percent higher compared to the previous year. The Gross Domestic Product
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country within a given period.
Survey period 2011 to 2021 The GDP of Poland amounted to 2.3 trillion zloty in 2020, an increase of 1.3 percent year on year.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Publication date January 2022
Original source Gross Domestic Product in 2021 Preliminary estimate, page 2
Notes: *At constant prices. Seasonally unadjusted **Estimates
Back to statistic
72 References
Quarterly change in the gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland between 1st quarter 2018 and 4th quarter 2021
Change in GDP in Poland 2018-2021
Description
In the fourth quarter of 2021, Poland's seasonally adjusted GDP increased by 7.7 percent compared to a year
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland ago. Seasonally unadjusted GDP increased also by 7.3 percent compared to the same period last year, when it
reached -2.5 percent.
Survey period Q1 2018 to Q4 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Publication date February 2022
Original source Flash estimate of Gross Domestic Product in the fourth quarter of 2021,
page 1-2
Notes: Preliminary data. * At constant prices, reference year 2015. ** At constant

average prices of the previous year.
Back to statistic
73 References
Volume growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland from 2020 to 2021, by segments*
Volume growth rate of real gross domestic product in Poland 2020-2021, by segments
Description
In real terms, the seasonally unadjusted gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland in the fourth quarter of 2021
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland increased by 7.3 percent year-on-year. The highest gross added value occurred in the transportation and
storage sector, which was 16.5 percent higher than in the corresponding period of 2020.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Gross Domestic Product in the fourth quarter of 2021. Preliminary
estimate, tabl. 4a
Notes: * Seasonally unadjusted (annual average prices of the previous year).
Back to statistic
74 References
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per inhabitant in current prices in Poland from 2019 to 2020, by regions (in 1,000
zloty)
GDP per inhabitant in current prices in Poland 2019-2020, by regions
Description
In 2020, the value of GDP in Poland per one inhabitant ranged from 41.3 thousand zloty in the Lublin region
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland (68.1 percent of the national average) to 133.4 thousand zloty in the Warsaw capital region (219.9 percent of
the national average). The average gross domestic product per capita in Poland amounted to 60 663 zloty in
Conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland 2020.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Publication date December 2021
Original source Wstępne szacunki produktu krajowego brutto w przekroju regionów w

2020 roku
Notes: * Preliminary estimate
Back to statistic
75 References
Share of hidden economy in creating gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland in 2019
Size of hidden economy in creating GDP in Poland 2019
Description
The share of non-observed economy in creating GDP in Poland (including the hidden economy and illegal
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland activity) amounted to over 11 percent in 2019. In that period, the share of illegal activity was 0.4 percent.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Publication date July 2021
Original source National accounts by institutional sectors 2016-2019, page 122
Notes: n.a.
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76 References
Forecasts of the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in Poland from 2021 to 2025
Real GDP growth forecasts in Poland 2021-2025
Description
In the period observed, the real GDP in Poland is expected to reach 3.5 percent in 2025. In 2020, the GDP rate
Source(s) Ministry of Finance (Poland) fell by 2.5 percent due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conducted by Ministry of Finance (Poland)
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Ministry of Finance (Poland)
Publication date October 2021
Original source Strategia zarzdzania dugiem sektora finansów publicznych w latach 2022-
2025, page 20/Tabela 8
Notes: n.a.
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77 References
Employment rate of persons aged 15-64 in Poland from 2001 to 2020*
Employment rate of persons aged 15-64 in Poland 2001-2020
Description
Since 2001, Poland's economic employment rate among 15- to 64-year-olds has increased from 53.5 percent to
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland 68.7 percent in 2020.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Publication date August 2021
Original source Wskaźniki makroekonomiczne, tab.Rynek pracy
Notes: *According to Labour Force Survey (LFS); the LFS results were generalized on
the basis of the balance of population compiled: since 2003 using the results
of the Population and Housing Census 2002, and since 2010 on the basis of
Population and Housing Census 2011; in this connection figures are not [...]
For more information visit our Website
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78 References
Registered unemployment rate in Poland from 1990 to 2020
Registered unemployment rate in Poland 1990-2020
Description
The rate of unemployment decreased from 9.5 percent in 2008 to 6.2 percent in December 2020. The highest
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland registered unemployment rate was recorded in 2012 and 2013 at the level of 13.4 percent.
Survey period December 1990 to December 2020 Unemployment in Poland
Region(s) Poland
Number of respondents n.a. In 2020, more than 15.8 million people were working in Poland, and the employment rate has increased by 15.2
percentage points since 2001. As a result, Poland also registered one of the lowest unemployment rates in the
Age group n.a.
European Union. The average level of unemployment in the EU in 2020 was seven percent. In Poland, it was 3.2
percent.
Published by Central Statistical Office of Poland Warmian-Masurian voivodeship (10.1 percent) registered the highest level of unemployment. On the contrary,
the lowest rate was recorded in Wielkopolskie voivodeship (3.7 percent). The most significant difficulties in
Publication date March 2021 finding a job in 2020 were experienced by young people - aged 25 to 34 years and those with lower secondary
and incomplete primary education . Women were also more likely to have unemployed status than men .
Original source Registered unemployment I-IV quarter 2020, page 14 Nevertheless, looking for a new job in Poland is relatively short and depends on age. People aged over 50
observed the longest period of searching for a new.
Notes: The registered unemployment rate is calculated as the ratio of the number of
registered unemployed persons to the economically active civilian population, Economic emigration
i.e., excluding employees of budgetary entities conducting activity within the
scope of national defence and public safety. The unemployment rate [...] For
more information visit our Website Poland has struggled with a high emigration rate since the labor transition period. However, since 2016, the
migration balance has been improving, and the number of people emigrating from Poland is slowly stabilizing.
Despite low unemployment, increasing job offers , and a strengthening labor market , 16 percent of Poles were
considering economic emigration in September 2021. The people who most often go abroad to work are
manual workers. Seven out of 10 people had elementary, vocational, or secondary education . The prevailing
reason for leaving was higher wages than those offered at home. The most popular countries for working
abroad in 2020 were the Netherlands and Germany.
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79 References
Activity rate of persons aged 15-89 years in Poland in 2021*
Activity rate of persons aged 15-89 years in Poland 2021
Description
In the third quarter of 2021, over 58 percent of Poles were economically active, including 66 percent of men
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland and 58 percent of those in urban areas. The largest group of economically active people were Poles between
the ages of 35 and 44.
Survey period Q1 to Q3 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Publication date December 2021
Original source Kwartalna informacja o rynku pracy w III kwartale 2021 r. , tab.1
Notes: *The activity rate is the ratio between the number of active persons (occupied
labor force and the unemployed) and the corresponding total population.
**18-59 years for women, 18-64 years for men ***60-89 years for women,
65-89 years for men
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80 References
Number of self-employed people in Poland from 2015 to 2020 (in 1,000s)
Number of self-employed persons in Poland 2015-2020
Description
The number of self-employed persons has remained relatively stable over the observed period, around three
Source(s) Eurostat million people. In 2020, Poland achieved a record number of self-employed persons, totaling approximately
3.01 million.
Conducted by Eurostat
Region(s) Poland
Age group 15-74 years
Published by Eurostat
Original source ec.europa.eu
Notes: n.a.
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81 References
Number of jobs in Poland from 2019 to 2021 (in 1,000s)
Number of vacancies in Poland 2021
Description
At the end of the third quarter of 2021, there were over 153 thousand vacancies in Poland, an increase of 32.6
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland percent compared to the previous quarter. In that period, there were 7.5 percent compared do the previous
quarter.
Survey period Q1 2019 to Q3 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Popyt na pracę w III kwartale 2021 roku , page 1
Notes: The survey on the demand for labor is conducted by a representative method
on a quarterly basis, using the GUS' Z-05 reporting form. It covers units
employing at least one person. Reporting units should be understood as
entities of the national economy or their local units.
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82 References
Number of vacant jobs in Poland from 2005 to 2020* (in 1,000s)
Number of job vacancies Poland 2005-2020
Description
Polish employers had over 84 thousand vacant jobs at the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. The highest figure
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland over the observed period was recorded in 2007, amounting to nearly 167 thousand job vacancies.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Publication date March 2021
Original source The demand for labour in the fourth quarter of 2020
Notes: *At the end of 4th quarter
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83 References
Average monthly gross wages and salaries in the national economy of Poland from 1995 to 2021* (in zloty)
Average monthly gross wages in national economy in Poland 1995-2021
Description
Over the period observed, the average monthly gross salary in the Polish national economy increased annually
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland and reached 5662.53 zloty in 2021.
Survey period 1995 to 2021 Salary changes in Poland
Region(s) Poland
Number of respondents n.a. Despite the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, Poland's average real wage and salary have been growing
steadily. In December 2021, average gross wages reached a record growth of 11.2 percent. The monthly salary
Age group n.a.
at the end of the third quarter of 2021 in the national economy amounted to 9.1 thousand zloty and in the
enterprise sector - 6.3 thousand zloty.
Publication date February 2022 Since 2003 the minimum wage has increased from 800 zloty to 3,000 zloty in 2022. As a result, Poland ranked
fourth in Central and Eastern European countries in terms of the minimum wage in 2021.
Original source https://stat.gov.pl/

Employment in Poland
Notes: * Data announced in February every year by Statistics Poland (GUS - Gówny
Urzd Statystyczny).
In 2020, more than 15.8 million people were working in Poland, and the employment rate has increased by 15.2
percentage points since 2001. As a result, Poland also registered one of the lowest unemployment rates in the
European Union. The average level of unemployment in the EU in 2020 was seven percent. In Poland, it was 3.2
percent.
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Polesto statistic
have the average duration of working life in the European Union, working on average 33.6 years. For
comparison, the EU average amounted to 35.7 years. However, they are among the busier nations in Europe,
working an average of nearly 41 hours per week.
84 References
Average real wage and salary growth in Poland from 2008 to 2021*
Average real wage and salary growth in Poland 2008-2021
Description
In 2021, real wages and salaries in Poland grew by three percent compared to the previous year.
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source stat.gov.pl
Notes: * Compared to the previous year.
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85 References
Average usual weekly hours worked on the main job in Poland from 2000 to 2020
Average weekly hours worked on the main job in Poland 2000-2020
Description
Over the period observed, the weekly average working time fell by a total of 0.5 hours, peaking at 40.3 weekly
Source(s) OECD working hours in 2002 and reaching 39.6 hours in 2020.
Conducted by OECD
Survey period 2000 to 2020 How much do Poles work?
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.

Poles have the average duration of working life in the European Union, working 33.6 years on average. For
comparison, the EU average amounted to 35.7 years. However, they are among the busier nations in Europe,
working an average of nearly 41 hours per week. In 2020, all countries in the region, except Lithuania, worked a
Published by OECD minimum of three hours more per week than the average for the 27 countries of the European Union. The
longest annual working hours were in Hungary and Poland, with 1,848 hours, when the EU average amounted
Publication date February 2022 to 1,703 hours. In 2021, 63 percent of Poles worked 7-8 hours a day, while 21 percent worked even 10 hours a
day or longer.
Original source Average usual weekly hours worked
In the third quarter of 2021, the average number of hours worked in the primary job in Poland amounted to
Website URL visit the website nearly 41 hours per week. In that period, persons employed in the private sector worked over two hours longer
than in the public sector. Poles spent the most time working in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry,
Notes: n.a. over 45 hours per week.
Accidents at work
In 2020, more than 62.7 thousand people were reported injured in accidents at work (24.6 percent less than in
2019), of which 190 people were fatally injured . The decrease in the number of people injured was influenced
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by thetosituation
statistic related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In many areas, restrictions were imposed, and where the
nature of the work allowed it, employers directed their employees to work remotely. In 2020, as in previous
years, accidents were most common among men and those between 30 and 49 years .
86 References
More than half of the causes of accidents at work were improper behavior of the employee (60.8 percent of all
Yearly consumer price index (CPI) in Poland from 1989 to 2021
Yearly price indices of consumer goods and services in Poland 1989-2021
Description
Poland's CPI inflation rate has been rising steadily since 2018. In 2021, prices of goods and services increased
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland by 5.1 percent y/y. The highest level of inflation was recorded in the period of political system transformation. In
1990, the inflation rate was nearly 586 percent.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Socio-economic situation of the country in 2021, page 46
Notes: n.a.
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87 References
Monthly consumer price index (CPI) change of goods and services in Poland from 2018 to 2022
Monthly consumer price index in Poland 2018-2022
Description
Prices of consumer goods and services in Poland in January 2022 increased by 9.2 percent compared to the
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland same month last year and by 1.9 percent compared to the previous month. The lowest inflation level occurred
in January 2019, reaching the CPI of 0.7 percent and the highest in January 2022.
Survey period 2018 to January 2022

Change in prices of products and services
Region(s) Poland

Annual inflation in 2021 amounted to 5.1 percent. This indicator has been steadily increasing since 2018 and is
Age group n.a.
the highest in a decade. Compared with other countries of the Central and Eastern European region , Poland
had the highest inflation together with Hungary in 2021. That year, the average price increase for the EU
countries was 2.6 percent. The most significant impact on the total consumer price index was higher transport
Published by Central Statistical Office of Poland prices . Transport prices increased by nearly 23 percent in December 2021 compared to a year earlier.
Original source Consumer price indices in January 2022
Website URL visit the website Change in prices of food products
Notes: n.a.
In December 2021, food products and non-alcoholic beverages prices increased by 8.6 percent year on year. A
gradual increase in the price of food items was already noted in 2020. For comparison, fruit prices rose by
nearly 18 percent during this period, and cured meat prices increased by 9.5 percent.
In the fourth quarter of 2021, the average shopping basket price in brick-and-mortar stores amounted to
221.71 zloty and was 38 zloty lower than when buying products online. Despite the rapidly rising prices, Poland
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is stillto statistic
one of the countries in Europe where the costs of essential products are much cheaper than in the
European Union. For comparison, prices of food products in 2020 were 32 percent cheaper than the EU
average, and for household maintenance, Poles paid even more than 61 percent less.
88 References
Consumer price index (CPI) in Poland from 2020 to 2022, by type of product
Consumer price index in Poland 2020-2022, by product type
Description
Prices of consumer goods and services in Poland in January 2022 increased compared to the same month last
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland year. Transport prices increased the most, by over 17 percent year-on-year.
Survey period 2020 to January 2022
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Consumer price indices in January 2022
Notes: n.a.
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89 References
Inflation rate for food in Poland from November 2015 to November 2021
Rate of inflation for food in Poland 2015-2021
Description
As of November 2021, it was reported that the cost of food increased by 6.4 percent as compared to the same
Source(s) Trading Economics; Central Statistical Office of Poland month in the prior year.
Conducted by Trading Economics; Central Statistical Office of Poland
Survey period November 2015 to November 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Trading Economics
Original source tradingeconomics.com
Notes: 1998=100, NSA Date of release is date of access.
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90 References
Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for products and services in Poland compared to the EU average in
December 2021
Products and services with the highest consumer price index in Poland 2021
Description
Inflation (annual change in HCIP) in Poland in 2021 was one of the highest in the CEE region . For comparison,
Source(s) Eurostat the price of unprocessed food in Poland increased by nearly 26 percent, while in the EU by 14.2 percent.
Survey period December 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source https://ec.europa.eu/
Notes: HICP (Harminised Index of Consumer Prices)=2015
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91 References
Forecasts of the annual average consumer price index (CPI) in Poland from 2018 to 2025
Annual average CPI forecasts in Poland 2018-2025
Description
In the period observed, the average consumer price index in Poland is expected to grow from 1.6 percent in
Source(s) Ministry of Finance (Poland) 2018 to 2.5 percent in 2025.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Strategia zarzdzania dugiem sektora finansów publicznych w latach 2022-
2025, page 20/tabela 8
Notes: * Forecast
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92 References
Execution of the state budget in Poland in 2020* (in million zloty)
Execution of the state budget in Poland 2020
Description
In 2020, Poland's state budget revenues amounted to 419.84 billion zloty, an increase of five percent over the
Source(s) Ministry of Finance (Poland) plan. The deficit amounted to 85 billion zloty.
Survey period 2020
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Szacunkowe dane o wykonaniu budetu pastwa w 2020 r.
Notes: *Estimated execution of the state budget
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93 References
Year-on-year change in the state budget in Poland in 2021
Year on year change in execution of the state budget in Poland 2021
Description
Preliminary data for 2021 shows that state budget revenues increased 18 percent over the previous year.
Source(s) Statista; Ministry of Finance (Poland) Spending in 2021 also increased by three percent.
Conducted by Ministry of Finance (Poland); Statista
Survey period January to December 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Ministry of Finance (Poland); Ministry of Finance (Poland)
Original source https://www.gov.pl/
Notes: * Figures calculated by Statista based on the data provided by the source.
Execution for 2021 is an estimate. The increase is compared to the final State's
2020 Execution Report.
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94 References
State budget tax revenue in Poland in 2020* (in million zloty)
State budget tax revenue in Poland 2020
Description
The state budget's tax revenues amounted to over 370.2 billion zloty in Poland in 2020. The source also notes
Source(s) Ministry of Finance (Poland) that the state budget tax revenues were nearly six percent higher than expected.
Survey period 2020 In the period observed, Poland's state budget revenues amounted to nearly 420 billion zloty and were higher by
more than five percent compared to the plan.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Publication date April 2021
Original source https://www.gov.pl/web/finance/estimated-execution-of-the-state-budget
Notes: *Estimated execution of the state budget
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95 References
General government debt in relation to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Poland from 1995 to 2020
Government debt in relation to GDP in Poland 1995-2020
Description
In 2020, the general government debt in Poland amounted to over 57 percent of the GDP. In 2014, the debt
Source(s) Trading Economics; Central Statistical Office of Poland; Eurostat was reduced due to the acquisition of funds from Open Pension Funds named OFE (Otwarty Fundusz
Emerytalny).
Conducted by Eurostat; Central Statistical Office of Poland; Eurostat; Trading Economics
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Central Statistical Office of Poland; Twitter (@PremierRP); Eurostat;

Trading Economics
Publication date April 2021
Original source https://stat.gov.pl/
Notes: n.a.
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96 References
Change on previous year of general government consolidated gross debt as a share of gross domestic product (GDP)
in Poland from 2011 to 2020
Poland: change in government debt as share of GDP 2011-2020
Description
This statistic shows the percentage change on the previous year for general government consolidated gross
Source(s) Eurostat debt as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland from 2011 to 2020. The largest change in this period
occurred in 2020 when there was an increase of 12.5 percent.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source eurostat.ec.europa.eu
Notes: n.a.
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97 References
Government revenue as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland from 2000 to 2021
Government revenue as a share of GDP in Poland 2000-2021
Description
Proportional government revenue was at the lowest point for this period in 2009 when it dropped to 37.97
Source(s) IMF percent. It is estimated that the government revenue will reach nearly 41 percent of the Polish GDP in 2021.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
Publication date November 2021
Original source imf.org
Notes: *Estimated data.
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98 References
Government expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland from 2000 to 2021
Government expenditure as a share of GDP in Poland 2000-2021
Description
Proportional government spending in Poland was at the lowest point for this period in 2016 when it was at 41.1
Source(s) IMF percent. It is estimated that the government expenditure will reach over 45 percent of GDP in 2021.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
Notes: * Estimates
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99 References
Total government expenditure as a percentage of GDP in Poland in 2019, by function
General government expenditure in Poland 2019, by function
Description
In 2019, Poland's total government expenditure amounted to 41.8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
Source(s) Eurostat The most important area of general government expenditure was social protection, equivalent to 19.3 percent
of GDP.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source https://ec.europa.eu
Notes: Date of release in date of access. In the European system of accounts

(ESA2010), paragraph 2.111 the general government sector (S.13) is defined as
consisting "of institutional units which are non-market producers whose
output is intended for individual and collective consumption, and are financed
b [...] For more information visit our Website
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100 References
Forecasted government expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland from 2021 to 2026
Government expenditure as a share of GDP forecast for Poland 2021-2026
Description
The government spending in Poland is predicted to decrease exclusively over this period, amounting to 43
Source(s) IMF percent in 2026.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
Notes: n.a.
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101 References
Financial result of companies owned by the state in Poland between 1st quarter 2020 and 1st quarter 2021, by
company (in million zloty)
Financial result of selected state-owned companies in Poland 2020-2021
Description
In the first quarter of 2021, Poland's state-owned companies made a profit of about 10 billion zloty. However, in
Source(s) Money.pl the same period of 2020, these companies made a loss of 357 million zloty.
Conducted by Money.pl
Survey period Q1 2020 and Q1 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Money.pl
Original source https://www.money.pl/
Notes: Consolidated Reports of the Companies
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102 References
Poland's contributions to and receipts from the European Union budget from 2004 to 2020 (in billion euros)
Poland's contributions to and receipts from the EU budget 2004-2020
Description
The EU budget for 2021-2027 provides 139.4 billion euros in subsidies and 34.2 billion euros in repayable aid
Source(s) for Poland (in current prices) . Since 2004, Poland has received nearly 195 billion euros from the European
Union budget. Membership payments to the EU budget during this period amounted to over 62 billion euros.
Conducted by Ministry of Finance (Poland) The most significant net inflows were in 2020 and amounted to around 13.16 billion euros, including
reimbursements to the EU budget of 958.3 thousand euros.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Transfery finansowe między Polsk a budetem UE w kolejnych latach

czonkostwa Polski w UE
Notes: * In current prices
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103 References
Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland between 2018 and 2020, by size
Number of small medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Poland 2018-2020, by size
Description
In 2020, Poland recorded approximately 1.98 million small and medium-sized enterprises, of which micro-
Source(s) European Commission; Eurostat companies constituted the most significant number.
Conducted by Eurostat; DIW Berlin
Survey period 2018 and 2020
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by European Commission
Original source SME key figures 2021: Poland, Summary table
Notes: The data cover the ´non-financial business economy`, which includes
industry, construction, trade, and services (NACE Rev. 2 sections B to J, L, M
and N), but not enterprises in agriculture, forestry and fisheries and the largely
non-market service sectors such as education and health. The following [...] For
more information visit our Website
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104 References
Number of microenterprises in Poland from 2008 to 2019 (in 1,000s)
Number of microenterprises in Poland 2008-2019
Description
The number of microenterprises in Poland is growing systematically. In 2019, there was a significant increase in
Source(s) Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości; Central Statistical Office of active microenterprises (+3.1 percent y/y). As a result, the number of microenterprises amounted to more than
Poland 2.1 million in this period.
Conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland; Polska Agencja Rozwoju

Przedsiębiorczości
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości
Original source Raport o stanie sektora maych i rednich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce 2021,
page 60
Notes: n.a.
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105 References
Number of enterprises and their foreign entities in Poland from 2011 to 2019
Number of enterprises and their foreign entities in Poland 2011-2019
Description
In 2019, more than 1.8 thousand companies based in Poland had almost four thousand foreign entities. The
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland number of enterprises with foreign entities in 2019 increased by 3.4 percent compared to the previous year,
while the number of enterprises decreased.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Activity of enterprises having foregin entities in 2019
Notes: n.a.
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106 References
Number of new and liquidated enterprises in Poland from 2008 to 2020
Number of new and liquidated enterprises in Poland 2008-2020
Description
In 2020, 329 thousand new businesses were registered in Poland, while 170 thousand companies were
Source(s) Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości; Central Statistical Office of liquidated. Compared to the previous year, the number of newly-established enterprises decreased by 13.2
Poland percent, while the number of liquidated enterprises dropped by 25 percent.
Conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland; Polska Agencja Rozwoju

Przedsiębiorczości
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości
Original source Raport o stanie sektora maych i rednich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce 2021,
page 15
Notes: Date of access is date of release
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107 References
Number of active, newly-born and liquidated business enterprises in Poland from 2014 to 2019
Number of business enterprises in Poland 2014-2019
Description
In 2019, more than 2.4 million enterprises were active in the national economy. In the same period, more than
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland 304 thousand new companies were established in Poland.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Wybrane wskaźniki przedsiębiorczoci w latach 2015-2019 , tabl.1
Notes: n.a.
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108 References
Number of registrations of economic entities during the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Poland between the 1st
quarter of 2019 and 4th quarter of 2021, by business sector*
Number of economic entities registrations during COVID-19 in Poland 2019-2021
Description
The number of registrations of business entities in the fourth quarter of 2021 amounted to 88.6 thousand, an
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland increase of 17 percent compared to the same period of the previous year. A total of 350,471 registrations were
recorded for all of 2021, a 12.4 percent increase from 2020.
Conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and
Figures page.
Survey period Q1 2019 and Q4 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Rejestracje i upadoci podmiotów gospodarczych w IV kwartale 2021 roku,

tab.1
Notes: * The number of registrations in a given quarter concerns business entities

which were entered in the National Official Register of National Economy
Entities (REGON) in a given quarter. Registrations also include natural persons
who have liquidated and resumed business activity.
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109 References
Largest corporate income tax (CIT) payers in Poland from 2019 to 2020 (in million zloty)
Corporate income tax payers in Poland 2019-2020
Description
In 2020, the largest CIT payer in Poland was PGNiG, which paid nearly 2.2 billion zloty in tax. Two banks followed:
Source(s) Ministry of Finance (Poland); Business Insider PKO BP - 1.3 billion zloty and ING - 996 million zloty.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Ministry of Finance (Poland); Business Insider
Original source https://businessinsider.com.pl/
Notes: n.a.
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110 References
Ranking of the largest private companies in Poland in 2021, by company value (in billion zloty)
Largest private companies in Poland 2021, by value
Description
Polish DTH platform Cyfrowy Polsat was by far the largest private company in Poland in 2021, with a value of
Source(s) Forbes; Haitong Bank more than 34 billion zloty. Retail chain Dino Polska and the logistics operator InPost followed, with a company
value of 33.5 billion and 33.2 billion zloty, respectively.
Conducted by Forbes; Haitong Bank
Survey period 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Forbes
Original source forbes.pl
Notes: n.a.
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111 References
Biggest companies on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (Gieda Papierów Wartociowych) in Poland as of October 2021
(capitalization in billion zloty)
Companies with highest capitalisation on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in Poland 2021
Description
As of October 2021, Santander Bank capitalization reached over 267 billion zloty, an absolute record in the
Source(s) Giełda Papierów Wartościowych; StockWatch.pl Warsaw Stock Exchange. UniCredit came second with the valuation exceeding 125 billion zloty.
Conducted by Giełda Papierów Wartościowych
Survey period October 2021
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by StockWatch.pl
Original source https://www.stockwatch.pl/
Notes: Date of release is date of access
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112 References
Leading brands in Poland in 2021, by value of brand (in million zloty)
Ranking of brands in Poland 2021, by value
Description
PKN Orlen from the fuel and energy sector became the ranking leader of the most valuable brands in Poland in
Source(s) Rzeczpospolita; Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo 2021. Bierdronka, a discount store chain, followed it.
Conducted by Rzeczpospolita
Survey period 2021
Region(s) Poland
Number of respondents 220
Age group n.a.
Special characteristics Polish brands
Published by Rzeczpospolita
Original source 15 Ranking Najcenniejszych Polskich Marek, page 3
Notes: Brand strength is measured by giving weight to the following factors: - market
position - weight 21 - customer relations - weight 24 - brand perception -
weight 45 - market - weight 10
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113 References
Leading export partner of Poland from 1929 to 2020, by share of exports
First export partner in Poland 1929-2020, by export share
Description
In the observed period, Poland exported most of its products mainly to two countries. During the communist
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland era, the leading export partner was the USSR. In the 1965 and 1970, the People's Republic of Poland exported
over 35 percent of all manufactured products to the Soviet Union. After the systemic transformation, Poland
Conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland exported most of its products to Germany. In 2020, Germany held 29 percent share of Poland's total exports.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Yearbook of Foreign Trade Statistics 2021, page 18-19
Notes: n.a.
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114 References
Value of total product exports from Poland from 2000 to 2020 (in billion euros)
Value of total product exports from Poland 2000-2020
Description
The value of exported goods from Poland increased and reached approximately 240 billion euros in 2020.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Obroty towarowe handlu zagranicznego ogóem i wedug krajów (dane
ostateczne) w 2020 r.
Notes: n.a.
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115 References
Value of exports from Poland from 2019 to 2020, by commodity group (in million euros)
Export value in Poland 2019-2020, by commodity group
Description
In 2020, machinery and transport equipment was the major export commodity group from Poland. Their export
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland value amounted to over 89.9 billion euros. Miscellaneous manufactured articles, such as furniture, travel goods,
apparel and clothing, footwear, i.a., followed, with productsworth over 42.6 billion euros.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Notes: *By sections according to SITC nomenclature
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116 References
Value of Polish exports to selected countries in 2020 (in billion euros)
Export revenue in Poland 2020, by major country
Description
In 2020, Poland exported over 69 billion euros worth of exports to Germany. It was followed by Czech Republic
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland and the United Kingdom with export revenues of more than 14 billion euros and 13.7 billion euros, respectively.
In 2020, imports to Poland from Germany valued 50.2 billion euros.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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117 References
Value of total products imported into Poland from 2000 to 2020 (in billion euros)
Value of total product imports to Poland 2000-2020
Description
The total value of all imported goods to Poland decreased compared to the previous year, reaching over 229
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland billion euros in 2020.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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118 References
Value of imports from Poland from 2019 to 2020, by commodity group (in million euros)
Import value in Poland 2019-2020, by commodity group
Description
In 2020, machinery and transport equipment was the major import commodity group from Poland. Their import
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland value amounted to nearly 83.2 billion euros. Manufactured goods, such as leather, rubber, cork, paper, textiles,
metals, non-metallic mineral manufactures, iron and steel followed, with product worth over 37.8 billion euros.
Survey period 2020
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Notes: *By sections according to SITC nomenclature
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119 References
Value of Polish imports from selected countries of origin* in 2020 (in billion euros)
Import revenue in Poland 2020, by major country
Description
In 2020, imports to Poland from Germany amounted to 50.2 billion euros. This followed by China and Italy with
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland an import turnover of 33 and 11.8 billion euros, respectively. In 2020, Poland exported over 69 billion euros
worth of exports to Germany.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Notes: * The country of origin is the country in which the goods were manufactured
or processed and in this state came to the Polish customs territory.
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120 References
Foreign trade goods balance in Poland from 2000 to 2020 (in billion zloty)
Foreign trade goods balance in Poland 2000-2020
Description
In 2020, despite the COVID-19 Pandemic, Poland managed to achieve a surplus in the exchange of goods with
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland; bankier.pl foreign countries of over 47 billion zloty (10.5 billion euros). Among the main directions of Polish exports and
imports, there were no significant changes in 2020. Germany continues to be the number one in the list of
Conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland exports and imports destinations.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by bankier.pl; Central Statistical Office of Poland
Notes: n.a.
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121 References
Goods with the highest export value in Poland from 2001 to 2020 (in million euros)
Goods with the highest export value in Poland 2001-2020
Description
Poland's highest value commodity exports fluctuated over the observed period. Invariably since 2001, seating
Source(s) Spotdata; KUKE; Eurostat furniture and passenger cars have been the top exports by value. However, exports of car parts, monitors, and
projectors have gained importance over the last few years.
Conducted by Spotdata; KUKE; Eurostat
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by KUKE
Publication date September 2021
Original source 30 lat polskiego eksportu, page 16
Notes: n.a.
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122 References
Goods in which Poland is the export leader among EU-28 countries from 2001 to 2020 (in million euros)
Goods in which Poland is the export leader among EU-28 countries 2001-2020
Description
In the early 2000s, Poland mainly specialized in the export of fossil and agricultural raw materials. However, over
Source(s) Spotdata; KUKE; Eurostat time, Poland has begun to specialize in the production of medium-processed goods. In 2020, Poland was the
leader in the export of monitors and projectors among 28 EU countries.
Conducted by Spotdata; KUKE; Eurostat
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by KUKE
Original source 30 lat polskiego eksportu, page 16
Notes: n.a.
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123 References
Gross capital formation in Poland between 2017 and 2020 (in million zloty)
Annual gross domestic investment in Poland 2017-2020
Description
In 2020, the gross capital investment in Poland fell to 401.3 billion zloty, the lowest value since 2018.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Revised estimate of gross domestic product for the year 2020, page 2
Notes: At current prices
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124 References
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP) in Poland from 1990 to 2020 (in
U.S. dollars)
GDP per capita PPP in Poland 2020
Description
Poland's gross domestic product per capita amounted to 32.24 thousand U.S. dollars in 2020 when adjusted by
Source(s) World Bank purchasing power parity (PPP). It was a decrease from the previous year.
Conducted by World Bank
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by World Bank
Publication date August 2021
Original source worldbank.org
Notes: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross
domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power
parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP
as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is th [...]
For more information visit our Website
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125 References
Value of domestic demand in Poland from 2017 to 2020 (in million zloty)
Domestic demand in Poland 2017-2020
Description
Domestic demand in Poland decreased in 2020 compared to the previous year. Overall, the domestic demand
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland has reached an over 13 percent growth since 2017.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Revised estimate of gross domestic product for the year 2020, page 2
Notes: At current prices
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126 References
Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) in Poland from 2018 to March 2022
Manufacturing PMI in Poland 2018-2022
Description
Poland's Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) decreased from 48.2 points in March 2020 to 31.9 in
Source(s) Investing.com; IHS Markit May 2020 due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Poland . The PMI index registered a record decline in
April 2020, to the lowest level in the history of research, i.e. since 1998. In March 2022, the index slightly
Conducted by IHS Markit increased to 54.7 points compared to the previous month.
Survey period January 2018 to March 2022
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Investing.com
Original source https://www.investing.com/
Notes: According to the source: "Purchasing managers are asked a series of questions
that measure whether business conditions have improved, deteriorated or
remained unchanged from the previous month. Results are calculated as
diffusion indices. These are calculated as the percentage of respondents indicat
[...] For more information visit our Website
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127 References
Euro (EUR) to Polish zloty (PLN) monthly exchange rate from February 2014 to February 2022
Euro to Polish zloty monthly exchange rate 2014-2022
Description
This graph displays the monthly exchange rate (as of the end of each month) of the euro to the Polish zloty
Source(s) ECB (EUR/PLN), according to data from the European Central Bank. The concrete, or point in time, measure shows
the exchange rate as of the last day of each month, which is different to the standardized measure; calculation
Conducted by ECB of average based on observations throughout the period in question. As of February 2022, the exchange rate of
the euro to the zloty amounted to 4.6835, an increase from the previous month, due to the Russian invasion of
Survey period February 2014 to February 2022 Ukraine on February 24, 2022.
Region(s) Europe, Poland
Number of respondents n.a.  

Age group n.a.

EUR/PLN exchange rate analysis    
Published by ECB

 
Original source ecb.europa.eu

The initial phase of the economic activity breakdown in Poland and key global centers caused by the
Notes: Month-end figures, last trading day. coronavirus epidemic is slowly passing. There is a growing belief in markets that many stimulus packages will
improve the economic situation and allow for a relatively rapid return to growth. The recovery is conducive to
recoup losses by emerging markets currencies - among which is the Polish zloty. However, further
strengthening of the Polish currency should be carried out gradually. The beginning of 2020 for the Polish zloty
can be described as turbulent. The limited depreciation of the zloty against the euro in January and February
turned into a violent sale in March. Starting from the beginning of the year to the minimum point that the zloty
reached in relation to the euro in the second half of March, the Polish currency lost about eight percent.
 
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Fundamental analysis    
128 References
Forecast of WIBOR 3M* rate level in Poland from 2010 to 2030
Forecast of WIBOR 3M rate level in Poland 2010-2030
Description
Between 2010 and 2030, a decrease in the value of the WIBOR 3M interest rate in Poland was observed. It is
Source(s) National Bank of Poland expected that between 2021 and 2030 the forecast shows that the value of interest rate will increase annually.
Conducted by National Bank of Poland
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Heritage Real Estate
Original source Indeks koniunktury na rynkunieruchomoci w II kwartale2020 roku, page 6
Notes: *Warsaw Interbank Offered Rate -- interest rate on the Polish interbank
market. Banks lend credits for other banks according to WIBOR.
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129 References
Annual value of the money supply (M1, M2 & M3) in Poland from 2002 to 2020* (in billion zloty)
Value of money supply in Poland 2002-2020
Description
The statistic shows the development of the money supply (M1, M2 & M3) in Poland from 2002 to 2020. The
Source(s) National Bank of Poland money supply is the amount of monetary assets available in an economy. M1, called the "narrow money",
includes currency in circulation (banknotes and coins) and overnight deposits. It depicts the value of the most
Conducted by National Bank of Poland liquid components of the money supply. M2, or The "intermediate money" is the sum of M1 (currency in
circulation and overnight deposits), deposits with maturity of maximum two years and deposits redeemable at
Survey period 2002 to 2020* notice of maximum three months. M3, called the "broad money" is the sum of M1 (currency in circulation and
overnight deposits), M2 (M1 plus deposits with maturity of maximum two years and deposits redeemable at
Region(s) Poland notice of maximum three months) and marketable instruments issued by Monetary Financial Institutions such
as repurchase instruments or money market fund units. The value of money supply M1, M2 and M3 amounted
Number of respondents n.a. to approximately 1.54 trillion, 1.81 trillion and 1.82 trillion zloty respectively in Poland as of December 2020.
Age group n.a.
Published by National Bank of Poland
Original source Monetary agregates (monthly data), tab; Arkusz1
Notes: * Data taken from December of each year. The source added the following
information: ** M1 - (money outside depository corporations plus the
transferable deposits and non term deposits in leks of resident sectors
(excluding banks and central government) *** M2 (M1 plus term deposits in
leks of resid [...] For more information visit our Website
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130 References
Number of merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions in Poland from 2011 to 2021
M&A activity in Poland: deal numbers 2011-2021
Description
The number of M&A deals in Poland amounted to 270 in 2021, a slight decrease from the previous year.
Source(s) CMS Cameron McKenna; Emerging Markets Information Service
Conducted by CMS Cameron McKenna; Emerging Markets Information Service
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by CMS Cameron McKenna; Emerging Markets Information Service
Original source Emerging Europe M&A Report 2021/2022, page 72
Notes: n.a.
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131 References
Balance of foreign direct investment in Poland from 2010 to 2020 (in billion euros)
Foreign direct investments in Poland 2010-2020
Description
Liabilities of residents in Poland to foreign investors from direct investment increased by about 11.2 billion
Source(s) Ministry of Finance (Poland) euros in 2020 versus 12.8 billion euros in 2019.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source Public debt in Poland. Annual Report 2020, page 90
Notes: n.a.
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132 References

Study Id104128 Economy-Of-Poland

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Economy of Poland

Number of job vacancies Poland 2005-2020 15

Year on year change in execution of the state budget in Poland 2021 28

Number of new and liquidated enterprises in Poland 2008-2020 42

Import revenue in Poland 2020, by major country 56

07 Further key economic indicators

Note(s): Poland; 2011 to 2020

Note(s): Poland; 2011 to 2021

Seasonally adjusted* Seasonally unadjusted**

Note(s): Poland; Q1 2018 to Q4 2021

Q1 '20 Q2 '20 Q3 '20 Q4 '20 Q1 '21 Q2 '21 Q3 '21 Q4 '21

Industry -3% -16.7% -2.7% -1% 7.5% 27.2% 10.4% 14.2%

Construction 4.2% -2.2% -9.7% -6.7% -14.9% 3.1% 5.2% 5.8%

Real estate activities 6% 3.7% 4.8% 4.3% 5.7% 2.8% 3% 6.1%

Note(s): Poland; 2020 to 2021

GDP per capita in thousand zloty*

Note(s): Poland; 2019 to 2020

Non-observed economy in total 11.1%

Hidden economy 10.7%

In registered economic entities 9%

Due to non-registered work 1.7%

Illegal activity 0.4%

Pimps services 0.04%

Smuggling of tobacco products 0.01%

Note(s): Poland; 2019

Note(s): Poland; 2021 to 2025

Note(s): Poland; 2001 to 2020

Note(s): Poland; December 1990 to December 2020

Q1 '21 Q2 '21 Q3 '21

Note(s): Poland; Q1 to Q3 2021

Note(s): Poland; 2015 to 2020; 15-74 years

Note(s): Poland; Q1 2019 to Q3 2021

Note(s): Poland; 2005 to 2020

Note(s): Poland; 1995 to 2021

Note(s): Poland; 2008 to 2021

Note(s): Poland; 2000 to 2020

Note(s): Poland; 1989 to 2021

4.0% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3%

Note(s): Poland; 2018 to January 2022

Food and non-alcoholic beverages Dwelling Transport

19.5% 18.5% 17.8% 18.5%

-9.2% -9.2% -9.2% -8.4%

Note(s): Poland; 2020 to January 2022

3.9% 3.9% 3.9%

Note(s): Poland; November 2015 to November 2021

-5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Note(s): Poland; December 2021

Note(s): Poland; 2018 to 2025

State budget in million zloty

-200,000 -100,000 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000

Note(s): Poland; 2020

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Value added tax (VAT) 19%

Personal income tax (PIT) 15%

Corporate income tax (CIT) 27%

Indirect taxes (incl.excise tax) 2%

Tax from some financial institutions 10%

Non-taxed income 28%

Note(s): Poland; January to December 2021

Plan and execution in million zloty

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000

Note(s): Poland; 2020