Input and Output devices

Chapter Two
 Why I made this slide?
Textbook is so easy IGCSE question is complex
 Learning objectives

At the end of this slide, you should be able to answer any questions
related to chapter two
 Quiz
• Which of the following is an
input device?
 Input devices
• Input devices: these are
devices used to key in a
data into computer
system.
 Typing devices

• Keyboards: these are most common input devices and

are used to input text, numbers and instructions into the

computer. The most common layout is QWERTY layer.

• Ergonomic keyboards: are designed to reduce the health

related problems with standard keyboards such as Carpal

Tunnel Syndrome, repetitive strain injury (RSI).

 Contd

• Concept keyboard: uses icons or phrases

instead of standard letters. Used in

restaurants etc.

• Numeric Keypad: it’s used to enter numbers

only. Uses in ATM, mobile phones, POS when

barcode fails, Chip and PIN Readers

 Point Devices

• Mouse: use a mouse to move or position a

cursor on a computer screen. There are

wired and wireless

• Touchpad: pointing device in laptop

computers.

• Tracker ball: users with disability usually use

it such as RSI.
 Other input devices

• Remote control: used to control the

operation of other devices by using infrared

signals.

• Joysticks: have similar function to mouse and

tracker ball. It used in gaming and simulator

such as flight simulator.

 Other input devices

• Driving wheel: the function is similar

to joystick. It’s used in gaming.

• Touch screen: new technology in

which a user can choose an option by

touching an icon on the screen.

 Contd

• Scanner: used to enter information from hardcopy

into a computer.

• Digital camera: images are stored in memory card

and can be transferred into a computer.

• Video camera: used to take still images and

transfer to a computer
 Contd

• Microphone: used to input sound in a computer

• Graphical tablet: is used with a stylus to produce free

hand drawing. Used in china and Japan most

• Webcams: camera that are connected to computer

directly and has no memory

• Light pens: used with computer as an input device

Do you know?

Know what
A sensor is a device that

converts a real world

property into data that a

computer can process.

 Sensors

• A sensor is a device which senses data and inputs it

into a computer.

• The data is a measurement of physical quantity

such as temperature, light, moisture etc.

• Computer only understands digital data (1s and 0s)

 Sensors
• Sensor understands only analogue data

• Therefore, the information from the sensor needs to

be converted into digital

• We use Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC).

• Sensors are used in both monitoring and control

application.
Can you guess how many sensors are in
automatic washing machine?
 Types of sensor application

• Temperature sensor:
• Ovens
• automatic washing machine
• central heating system
• automatic glasshouses
 Types of sensor application
• Pressure sensor
• Used in burglar alarm
system
• washing machine
• environmental monitoring
• Light sensor
• Glasshouses
• street light control
 Type of sensor application

• Sound/acoustic sensor

• Monitoring liquid and powder flow in pipes

• Humidity/moisture sensor

• Environmental monitoring

• pH sensor

• Chemical processes
 Advantages of using sensor

• More accurate readings compare to human

• Readings are continuous

• Process is automatic, very accurate to take decision

• Very useful in dangerous places

• Does not have feeling or get tired

• Don’t go on strike

• No need to pay salary

 Disadvantages of using sensor

• Faulty sensor might give fake results (e.g sensor at the rear bumper of a car)

• It is not easy to set up

• It is expensive

• It requires technical know-how

Section two
Direct Data Entry
 Devices for reading information from cards

• Magnetic Stripe Reader

• Used to read information on the magnetic stripe found at the

back of credit or debit card

• Contactless Card Reader

• Allow customers to pay without typing PIN up to 25 dollars.

The card has radio wave

• Chip and Pin Reader

• It is used at EFTPOS (Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale)

 Direct Data Entry
• RFID Readers:
• uses radio waves to read and capture information from tag.

• The tag can be read from a distance of several meters.

• It comprises of microchip and antenna.

• The former is used to store and process information and the

latter is used to receive and transmit data/information.

• Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR)

• device which can read a character printed in a special ink

(containing iron particles).

• Used to read a character at the bottom of a cheque.

 Direct Data Entry

• Optical Mark Reader (OMR)

• a device used to read marks written in pen or pencil. Less

secure than MICR

• Optical Character Reader (OCR):

• is a name given to software that takes scanned text and

converts it into a computer-readable form. Used to read

passport information and IDs.

 Direct Data Entry

• Barcode Reader:

• used to read information in the form of a

barcode.

• Quick Response QR codes:

• it made up of a matrix of filled in dark square on

a light background.
Section 3
Output devices
These are devices which allow data to be
output from a computer.
• CRT Monitors:

• Cathode Ray Tube

• These are least expensive monitors.

• They are used as output devices in computer system

• TFT monitors

• Thin Film Transistor

• These are new form of monitors which are flat and portable.

• They are integral part of laptop computers.

• LCD and LED monitors

• CRT are not used any longer in most places.

• Most monitors and TV screens are made using Liquid Crystal

Display/Diode (LCD) technology but has poor contrast and brightness.

• To produce better contrast and brightness, LED technology is

introduced.

• Multimedia projector

• It receives signals that can be analogue or digital from

computers, TV, DVD players. It is used for presentation, home

cinema system etc.

 Printers
• Laser printers
• Produce very high quality hard-copy output.

• The printer rate is quick.

• They use toner

• They have very high buffer rate for memory.

• They have low noise and used to print high volume materials.

• Although, they are expensive to run and produces ozone and volatile organic

compound which is dangerous to health.

• Inkjet printer
• They are used to print good quality hard copy.

• They usually use cartridge.

• They are Quite cheap to run.

• They are very slow and make noise

 Printers

• Dot Matrix Printer

• It uses a print head which presses against an inked ribbon whilst

moving back and forth.

• It is too noisy, low quality and slow printing

• It is used to print Shop receipts and Airline tickets

• Wide Format Printer

• are generally used when large format printing is required.

• 3D printing printer

• is used to print solid objects

Section 4
Control applications
• Actuator

• These are used to take signals from a computer and convert

them into some form of motion

• Digital signals are sent from the computer to an actuator to

operate a device

• Motors

• The motor is used to turn on or off by the actuator

• Uses

• Used in automatic washing machines to make the drum rotate

• Control of robot arms

• Buzzer
• Are switched on or off by the actuator

• Uses
• Used in cookers and microwaves ovens

• Used in burglar alarm to warn of intruder

• Lights
• Connects to the actuator to switch on or off the light

• Uses
• Security light

• In greenhouse, to control the lighting conditions

• Heater:

• Controls by the actuator to switch on or off the

heater

• Uses

• Automatic washing machines to heat up the water if

necessary

• Temperature control in automatic greenhouse

 IGCSE Questions on Chapter Two

Some of the input & output

related questions
from
2013 - 2019
A numeric keypad

An interpreter

A 3D printer

A speaker
Monitor

Speaker

Microphone
• The reader checks the amount to pay is less than the contactless limit

• The data is read from the chip using RFID / NFC

• The restaurant’s bank's computer contacts the customer’s bank's computer

• The card is checked if it is valid

• If valid the transaction continues

• If not valid the transaction is terminated

• An authorization code is sent to the customer

• The price of the meal is deducted from the customer’s account

microphone

numeric keypad

touch pad

Graphics tablet
A laser printer

A magnetic ink character reader

A wide format printer

A speaker
Barcode reader

Touch screen

A printer

Monitor
Graph plotter

speaker

3D printer

monitor
read the data from a bar code using a barcode reader

using RFID technology to read the data on a tag from a slight distance

Fingerprint

Retina scan
 A bar code reader

A microphone

A magnetic ink character reader

A retina scanner
Fingerprint

Dot matrix printer

Laser printer

3D printer
• Can be read at a greater distance
• Don’t need to be positioned in line of sight
• Can be updated easier
• Read at faster rate
• More reusable/more robust
• Larger storage capacity
• Greater security
• Cannot misread if RFID grouped together
 Chapter 3

Storage media and devices