Presentation

Given to: BTN-B4

Given by: Muhammad Usman

Nasir

Topic What is biasing??

What is bias ?
Bias is a potential applied to
pn junction to obtain a
desired mode of operation.
This potential is used to
control the width of the
depletion layer.
Types of bias !
There are two types of
biasing
Forward bias
Reverse bias
Forward bias
A pn junction is forward biased when the
applied potential causes the n-type material
to be more negative than the p-type material.
When the voltage is applied
acros the pn-junction there
happens two things.
1. The conduction band
electrons in the n-type
material are pushed toward
the junction by the negative
terminal potential.
2. The valence band holes in
the p-type material are
pushed toward the junction
by the positive terminal
potential.
Bulk resistance.
When V is greater than the barrier potential of
the junction the electrons in the n-type material
will gain enough energy to break through the
depletion layer. When this happens, the
electrons will be free to recombine with the
holes in the p-type material. Once pn-junction
begins to conduct, it provides a slight
opposition to current. This opposition to
current is referred to as bulk resistance.
Cont..
R(bulk) = R(p-type) + R(n-tupe)
 R= 25 Ohm OR less
Since the value of bulk resistance is
really low so the voltage drop is really
low
Voltage drop across bulk resistance is
usually ignored.
 Forward Voltage
When a forward biased pn junction begins to conduct, the
forward voltage (VF) across the jucntion is slightly
greater than the barrier potential for the device. The
values of VF are approximated as

VF nearly = 0.7 ( for silicon)

Any difference the measured and the approximated
value of VF is a result of the current through the
bulk resistance of the device
How can we make Forward Bias ?
we can a pn-junction forward bias by two
ways
 By applying a potential to the n-type
material that is more negative than the p-
type material potential .
-V =VF
 By applying a potential to the p-type
material that is more positive than the n-
type material potential.
+V=VF
 What is Reverse Bias ?
A pn-junction is reverse Biased when the applied
potential causes the n-type material to be more
positive than the p-type material. When a pn
junction is reverse biased , the depletion layer
becomes wider and junction is reduced to almost
zero.
 Cont….
When the voltage is applied the electrons in the n-type will
head toward the positive terminal of the source and at the
same time the holes in the p-type material will move toward
the negative source terminal. The electrons moving away
from the n-side of the junction will further deplete the
material of free carriers. The depletion layer has effectively
been windened. The same principle holds true for the p side
of the material
Diffusion current
During the time that the depletion layer is
forming and growing, there is still majority
carrier current in both materials. this current,
called diffusion current, lasts only as long
as it takes the depletion layer to reach its
maximum width. This is undesirable in high
frequency circuits.
How to make reverse bias?
As forward biasing there are also two methods of
reverse biasing
By applying a potential to the n-type material that is
more positive than the p-type material potential.
By applying a potential to the p-type material that is
more negative than the n-type material potential.