Chapter 4 Windows Operating

System

Part 1 :Manage Microsoft Windows

Server operating system environment
 By the end of this chapter, students will be able
to:
1) Describe server roles and how they are
categorized.
2) Describe the characteristics of Active Directory
components.
 A server is a dedicated computer that is designed to perform
additional tasks for itself and for other client computers in a
network.
 Network servers are designed to perform extra tasks and
process the simultaneous requests from the client
computers.  
 A server computer is normally equipped with the extra
hardware such as external memory, hard disk and processor
 There are many types of the servers that perform
different tasks.
1) Proxy server

2) Web server

3) FTP server

4) Database server
 A network proxy server is an intermediate computer
between the client computers in a network and the
internet.
 A proxy server forwards the client’s requests for the
specific web pages to the web server.
 A proxy server when receive the response from the web
server (in the form of web pages) it stores a copy of
every web page in its cache.
 So that if next time another client request for the same
web page it won’t go to web server for this page, instead
it will return the web request from its own cache.
 A proxy server is software program and when installed
on a computer, the computer acts as a proxy server.
 The most commonly used proxy server programs are
WinGate, Win Proxy, and Microsoft ISA Server etc.
 A web server is a computer that is used to respond the client’s
HTTP requests (usually web browsers) and return the response
in the form of the web pages, images, voice files, graphics,
video clips and others.
 A single web server is capable to host many websites.
 Web servers also host shared web based applications and a
large number of clients access them simultaneously.
 Some applications on the web server require some
authentication methods such as login name and password.
 HTTPS is used to establish a secure connection between the
client and the web server and it is normally used during the
credit cards transactions, online shopping where high security is
required.
 A web server is also known as a virtual host when it hosts a
large number of the websites on the same IP address.
 File transfer protocol (FTP) is an oldest internet
service which facilitates the user to move one or
more than one files from one location to another
location securely. 
  FTP Servers also offering file safety, transfer
control and organization of files.
•Active Directory is the directory service in a Windows Server
2003 family network.
• A directory service is a network service that stores
information about network resources and makes them
accessible to users and applications.
•Directory services provide a consistent way to name,
describe, locate, access, manage, and secure information
about these resources.
 Domain
OU1
Domain
Computers
Search OU1 OU2 Computer1
Users
User1
OU2
Users
User2
User1 Computer1 User2 Printer1
Printers
Printer1
 Active Directory:
 Enables a single administrator to centrally manage resources
 Enables administrators to easily locate information
 Enables administrators to group objects into organizational units
 Uses Group Policy to specify policy-based settings
 1
2 Domain
3 TM
OU1 OU2 OU3

Apply Group Windows Server 1 2 3

Policy Once Enforces Continually

 Use Group Policy to:

 Control and lock down what users can do
 Centrally manage software installation, repairs, updates,
and removal
 Configure user data to follow users whether they are online
or offline
 Domain
OU1
Admin1

OU2
 Grant permissions: Admin2
 To delegate control to other
administrators for specific OU3
organizational
Admin3
units
 To modify specific attributes
of an object in a single organizational unit
 To perform the same task in all organizational units
 Customize administrative tools to:
 Map to delegated administrative tasks
 Simplify interface design
1) Domains
2) Trees
3) Forests
4) Organizational Units
5) Trust Relationships
 Logical partition in Active Directory database
 Collections of users, computers, groups, and so on
 Units of replication
 Domain controllers in a domain replicate with each other and
contain a full copy of the domain partition for their domain
 Domain controllers do not
replicate domain partition
information for
other domains Use
r1
Replication Use
r1
U
ser2 U ser2

Windows 2000 or
Windows Server 2003 Domain
 One or more domains that share a contiguous
DNS namespace, for example:
 nwtraders.msft
 childdomain.nwtraders.msft
 otherdomain.nwtraders.msft
 Child domains derive their namespace from
parent
 Group policy, administration, and such do not
flow across domain boundaries by default
 One or more domains that share:
 Common schema
 Common configuration
 Automatic transitive trust relationships
 Common global catalog
 Forests can contain from as few as one domain to
many domains and/or many trees
 Domains are not required to be in a single tree or
share a namespace
 First domain created is the forest root, which cannot
be changed without rebuilding the entire forest,
although the forest root domain name can be changed
in Windows Server 2003
 Container objects within a domain
Organizational structure Network administrative model

Paris Sales

Sales Users
Repair Computers

 Used to organize resources to reflect administrative

divisions; may not map to organizational structure
 Used to delegate administrative authority
 Used to apply Group Policy
 Secure communication paths that allow security
principals in one domain to be authenticated and
accepted in other domains
 Some trusts are automatically created
 Parent-child domains trust each other
 Tree root domains trust forest root domain
 Other trusts are manually created
 Forest-to-forest transitive trusts can be created
between Windows Server 2003 forests only (ie
not between Windows 2000 forests).