Unit 3

Single phase AC voltage controller- RL load

 Single phase AC voltage controller- RL load

Fig. (a)

Fig. (b) Fig. (c) Fig. (d)  

 Fig. (e)   

During positive half cycle of input voltage, TI is forward biased. At ωt = α

TI is triggered and i0 = iT1 starts building up through the load.
At π, load and source voltages are zero but the current is not zero because of the
presence of inductance in the load circuit. At β > π, load current reduces to zero.
After π, TI is reverse biased but does not turn off because i0 is not zero. At β only,

when i0 is zero, TI is turned off as it is already reverse biased.

v0  0 vT 1  vs
From β to π + α, no current exists in the power circuit, therefore
vT 2  vs
During negative half cycle of input voltage, T2 is turned on at π + α > β,
current i0 = iT2 starts building up in the reversed direction through the load.

At 2π, vs and v0 are zero but i0 is not zero.

 At π + α + γ , iT2 = i0 = 0 and T2 is turned off because it is already reverse biased.

v0  0
From
v  πv + αv+ γ to2π
v + α , no current exists in the power circuit, therefore,
T1 s T2 s
  1/ 2
1 Vm  1  sin 2 sin 2   
 
2 2
V0( rms )  Vm sin  td  t         
2  2 2 
 Gating signal requirements
• For R load, thyristor Tl stops conducting (natural commutation)at
ωt = π
• T2 is now forward biased after π. When T2 is triggered at
π + α, it gets turned on since it is already forward biased by source
voltage.
• Thus pulse gating is suitable for R load as shown below
 Fig. 1 Single phase AC voltage controller –RL load
• Pulse gating is not suitable for RL loads with (with pulse gating)
α<φ
• At ωt = α, T1 is fired and the current starts
flowing. Due to the nature of inductive
load, the current will not come to zero at
π. It becomes zero only at β = α + γ
•At π +α, T2 is fired. As T1 is still conducting,
voltage drop across T1 reverse biases T2
and hence T2 is not turned on at π + α
• At α + γ , current decays to zero and T1
stops conducting. So that T2 gets forward
biased. Fig. 2 Types of gating signals
• If pulse gating is used, gate pulse is with
drawn before α + γ . So T2 does not get
turned on.
•If continuous gating is used, the pulse is
available at α + γ . Hence T2 is fired
•In practice continuous gating is undesirable
as it leads to more heating of the SCR gate
and it increases the size of the pulse
transformer.
• This difficulty can be overcome by applying
train of pulses or high frequency carrier
gating
References
1. Bimbhra, P.S. Power Electronics. Khanna
Publishers, New Delhi, 5thEdition, 2012.