A. K.

Mishra DGM
LD&C PGCIL
LD&C_SCADA
 Stop Gap Arrangements

• System upgrade project may not go

online by Dec 2011
• In case GE not willing beyond 2011
Maintenance Outsourcing?
 Up gradation of SLDC
(Issues to be discussed & finalized)
• Requirement of web system and interface with other
systems e.g. metering

• Connectivity with IT system vis~a~vis security of

SCADA e.g. open access, email.

• Existing Metering and Settlement System and

Automation of same.

• Requirement of Video Projection System

• Backup SLDC Functions.

• Adoption of Common Information Model (CIM) /

Modeling
 Up gradation of SLDC
(Issues to be discussed & finalized)
• Available space for new equipments in
existing SLDC building.

• Location for Backup SLDC.

• Availability of UPS capacity at SLDC for

new system and requirement at backup SLDC

• Type of communication available/ planned

from stations targeted for monitoring at
SLDC and Backup SLDC.
 Up gradation of SLDC
(Issues to be discussed & finalized)

• Number of stations to be monitored i.e. stations

where new RTUs will be required and existing
system details
 The Future Architecture …..
Vendor
A Third Party Applications
CRM Market Manager ABT/Open Access Vendor
Vendor C
ESB Adaptor ESB Adaptor
ESB Adaptor
B

Enterprise Service Bus

ESB Adaptor

WAN

HSB Adaptor

High Speed Bus (SCADA/ ISR)

HSB Adaptor HSB Adaptor HSB Adaptor HSB Adaptor

CFE ICCP Meter data PMU data

 INTERACTION BETWEEN DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS
Common regional
Digital model
Power
Displays
SAS/ SCADA NT System
Alarms
RTU Model SE
Analog

Penalty Factor
Calc.
LF/OS/IS/
ISR
OPF Schedules

SCOPF Contingency analysis

Alarms
Scheduling
WEB
SERVER
Metering
& EA

Platform
STOA Possible Change in Process
Hard copy / standalone
 TO RTUs T
O
Sub LDC
Serial Interface
R
T
SCADA U
SERVER s
Sub LDC
T
O
PNA WAN
SERVER RLDC
R
Sub LDC T
ISR U
SERVER s

Sub LDC/
Backup
SLDC
SLDC System
KMS
WS WS WS WS SERVER
1 2 3 4

WEB
WEB SERVER
SERVER
Metering &
Settlement ABT
ABT
Scheduling &
EXTRANET Scheduling &
Open Access
Open Access

Meters
GENCOS IPPS DISCOS

8
LD&C_SCADA
Up gradation of SLDC
(Future Issues)
 System Security

• Cyber Security has emerged as major area of

concern as SCADA allows control of underlying
process – Power System
• Government of India recommendation – system
to be in line with ISO 27001
 Security Plan
• System set up: All Boxes with JUKE
BOX

Host IDS SCADA /EMS

SERVER
ISR
SERVER
DTS *
WORKSTATION DEVELOPMENT
CONSOLE
(Only at RLDC)WITH TWO CRT SERVER- PDS
ICCP
COMMUNICATION
SERVER

TIME SYNCH FRO

NMS

SSH
SYSTEM M TERMINAL SERVER
CONSOLE

External
GPS

SCADA system
DUAL CFE

DMZ ZONE
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
PERIPHERALS ROUTER

Encryp
FRONT END FRONT END

user
PROCESSOR PROCESSOR

SPLITTER

web & e-
1 SLDC/ Sub LDC

ted
MODEM

side
VIDEO PROJECTION
SYSTEM

mail server
JUKE TO RTUs

login
BOX

Other Utility
WORKSTATION DEVELOPMENT ICCP
SCADA /EMS ISR DTS * CONSOLE COMMUNICATION
SERVER SERVER (Only at RLDC)WITH TWO CRT SERVER- PDS
SERVER

SCADA/ Intranet TIME SYNCH

SYSTEM
FRO
M TERMINAL SERVER
NMS
CONSOLE
GPS

DUAL CFE
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
FRONT END FRONT END PERIPHERALS ROUTER

•All functions (SCADA/WEB/E-mail ) are to be run on redundant

PROCESSOR PROCESSOR

SPLITTER
1 SLDC/ Sub LDC

server
MODEM
VIDEO PROJECTION
SYSTEM
TO RTUs

•LDCs to have backup

The data/image/configuration need to be Backed -up :

• On Network shared drives/CD/DAT/DVD/TAPES
• Off site storage
• Fire proof cabinets for critical software
 Road Ahead
• System set up time 24 months
• CAPEX and Administrative approval
• Backup LDC (Preferably at existing Sub LDC)
with Main - States to decide and inform
Investment approvals
• Technology Availability
• CIM
• IP for RTU
• PMU interface
• SOA interface
• Plug and Play
• SOA architecture
 BACKUP - THREAT Vs LOCATION

Different establishments with separation in

Accidents
KMs would suffice
Sabotage
Different establishment will suffice

Locations shall be as far as possible, ~ 100

Natural Disasters
KM, in different Seismic zones
 OPTIONS FOR BACKUP

Functionality Options
- SCADA only
- SCADA and Scheduling
- Full fledged SCADA & EMS

Data acquisition
- All RTUs data through Sub-LDC
- Other RTUs (reporting to SLDC) - directly reporting i.e. two masters
 Technology Change-Field Interface

Control centre
Substation/Plant

Serial
Serial
IEC 60870-5-101

Serial
Trans- 4-20mA
RTU
ducer CFE
-5 - 101
80
C 60
I E
IEC 61850
GATEWAY
Serial
IED SAS
 Technology Change-Field Interface

Substation/Plant

Serial
Trans- 4-20mA
RTU
ducer

Se
ria
l
IEC 61850 to

GATEWAY
Serial
IP
IED SAS co
nv
er I
te EC
r 60
87
0 -5
-1
04

Substation/Plant Control centre

RTU IEC 60870-5-104
MFT/ MODBUS IP
Energy

IP
04
Meter 5- 1 CFE
7 0-
8
60
C
IEC 61850 SAS IE
IED GATEWAY
IP
 Proposed ISR Interface

Meter &
Settlement Schedule
DATABASE DATABASE

ISR
DATABASE

Real-Time Open
SCADA Access
DATABASE DATABASE
 ISR
• SCADA v/s all system ISR – Metering &
Settlement/ STOA
• ISR from 3rd party?
• ISR across the firewall (different LAN)
• Report with spreadsheet interface
• Trending
• Of different Values
• Of Same value diff timeline
• Import and configure existing database
Existing Data Base Management
System (GE system)

Office LAN
Othe r reports
As per
requirement
Scheduling Open Access
Meter DATABASE Limited Report
DATABASE DATABASE
Generation by

Data validation shift operator

Daily Report
by Grid
ICCP 2 Sec RTU 10 Sec Management
On XLS
update update on 1 minute
sample

Specialised
software for
accessing
Sampling @ 1 Minute RDBMS system
Historical
Real-Time
RDBMS
SCADA
DATABASE
Physical
DATABASE Sampling
@ 1 Second

Continuous
Special Report
Legends Recording
Generation
Database 1 sec data
Automatic

Cyclic
Manual Buffer
THANK
YOU
Capex Planning
 SYSTEM CHANGE

INSTALLED CAPACITY
2002

2009
28,092
2,241

16,191
31,374 38723
2255

27,099 20814
46347

140000
120000 41174
100000
80000 2002
60000 2007
40000
20000
2012
AS ON MAY 2009
0
IR Exchange Load
 POWER SECTOR ENVIRONMENT CHANGE

ENABLERS STRUCTURE
•Legislation •Balancing Mechanism
•Indian Electricity Act 2003 •Frequency linked Unscheduled
•National Electricity Policy Interchange
•Regulation
•Intra-day STOA
•IEGC Feb 2000
•ABT Jan 2000
•Day-ahead PX
•Open Access May 2004 •Short-term Bilateral
•Power Exchange Aug 2007 •Day-ahead
•Execution •First-come-first served
•CTU/STU, RLDC/SLDC •Three-month ahead
•Grid & Market Operation •Long-term Bilateral
•Control Centres & SEMs
• Shared resources (ISGS)
•ABT settlement: in stages 2002-03
•Own resources

LD&C_SCADA
 BACKUP - THREAT Vs LOCATION

Different establishments with separation in

Accidents
KMs would suffice
Sabotage
Different establishment will suffice

Locations shall be as far as possible, ~ 100

Natural Disasters
KM, in different Seismic zones
 OPTIONS FOR BACKUP

Functionality Options
- SCADA only
- SCADA and Scheduling
- Full fledged SCADA & EMS

Data acquisition
- All RTUs data through Sub-LDC
- Other RTUs (reporting to SLDC) - directly reporting i.e. two masters
 Proposed ISR Interface

Meter &
Settlement Schedule
DATABASE DATABASE

ISR
DATABASE

Real-Time Open
SCADA Access
DATABASE DATABASE
 ISR
• SCADA v/s all system ISR – Metering &
Settlement/ STOA
• ISR from 3rd party?
• ISR across the firewall (different LAN)
• Report with spreadsheet interface
• Trending
• Of different Values
• Of Same value diff timeline
• Import and configure existing database
 Proposed Data Base Management System -Features

• Database transfer through ODBC/other open database connectivity

• Data Storage against power system device names as objects and system
(400/220 etc) and /or NTPC/NHPC/IPP ; daily/ Monthly/ Yearly tables
• Microsoft Windows client tools/third party ODBC compliant tools for
report building and query.
• Sampling groups (400KV line/generators/ ISP/IR links others)
configurable Preferably during data population.
• Transfer of existing ISR data into the new ISR data.
• Storage type and rate configurable individual or GroupWise.
• Type of data base to be transferred from SCADA to ISR
• Status change/ system Alarm by exception.
• Min, Max, Avg, Inst, every 5 minutes
• 15 minute Active Energy/Reactive energy every 15 minutes.
• Storage for 5 Years.
• Type of data base to be transferred from other database (other than
SCADA) to ISR
• History of Real Time data based on Sampling rate within SCADA
application for
• Trend
• Continuous data recording
• Storage for 2 months
• Excel interface for selection and analysis of events data.
• Transfer to Archival system event data for storage upto 5 years
• Replication of all ISR data to Backup control centre
Existing Data Base Management
System (GE system)

Office LAN
Othe r reports
As per
requirement
Scheduling Open Access
Meter DATABASE Limited Report
DATABASE DATABASE
Generation by

Data validation shift operator

Daily Report
by Grid
ICCP 2 Sec RTU 10 Sec Management
On XLS
update update on 1 minute
sample

Specialised
software for
accessing
Sampling @ 1 Minute RDBMS system
Historical
Real-Time
RDBMS
SCADA
DATABASE
Physical
DATABASE Sampling
@ 1 Second

Continuous
Special Report
Legends Recording
Generation
Database 1 sec data
Automatic

Cyclic
Manual Buffer
 Technology Change-Field Interface

Control centre
Substation/Plant

Serial
Serial
IEC 60870-5-101

Serial
Trans- 4-20mA
RTU
ducer CFE
-5 - 101
0 80
Se 6
I EC rial
IEC 61850 t

GATEWAY
o

Serial
IP
IED SAS co
nv
er I
te EC
r 60
87
0 -5
-1
04

Substation/Plant Control centre

RTU IEC 60870-5-104
MFT/ MODBUS IP
Energy

IP
04
Meter 5- 1 CFE
7 0-
8
60
C
IEC 61850 SAS IE
IED GATEWAY
IP
Technology Change-Computer Hardware

Processor- Then
Hard Disk

10/100 Mbps
8GB
RAM-1GB

LAN
Version
CRT OS-AIX 4.3.2.0
Monitor Sybase 11.9.2
ACAD 13
Maintainability?
Processor- Now

10/100/1000 Mbps
Hard Disk
72 GB
RAM-4GB

LAN
Version
TFT OS-AIX 6.1
Monitor Sybase
ACAD 2007
 SCHEDULING FUNCTIONS
Scheduling (CSGS & STOA) applications
shall be separate and shall have interface Constraints Other inputs

with Network applications

Weather Forecasted
LF Application Hourly
Parameters Hourly Load
Schedule

UC

IS
ITE
COP
HTC

OS

HS

Hourly
Weather Forecasted
IF Application Schedule
Parameters water inflow

Constraints Other Inputs

 NETWORK FUNCTIONS
SCADA Telemetry
PMU Data
Network Topology
Network
State Estimator
model
Base case violations ATC AND
Real time state
Contingencies
OPF TTC
List

Contingencies on current state Base Case control

Controls
recommendations
List

Contingency Selection/ Analysis Post-contingency violations

SC OPF
ATC AND
TTC Post-contingency
control recommendations
 RLDC ENVIRONMENT CHANGE - ABT
CONTROL
R PS MODEL

T UI Calculation
SCADA NT SE
V SCADA/ISR
ALARMS`
S

AGC ED PF CALC.
50 Hz

OPF

SC OPF CS/CA ALARMS

 Architectural Overview Of Future

Markets Reliability Markets & Reliability Support

Information Market Network
Management Grid Operations
Operations Data Modeling •Alarm processing Outage & •Tie Corridors
& Acquisition •State Estimator Forecast •Area Constraints
• Declared/Available •Bilateral Interchange •Power Flow/ Flow gate Calculation •Transmission
Capacity • Day Ahead Px - •Resource Capacity Analysis • Outage Scheduling Capacity Cal
• Power System
• ISGS share Transaction Schedule •Stability Analysis • Load Forecast • Power Tracing
Monitoring
•Available Transfer • DRAWAL Schedule •Contingency Analysis • Weather Forecast •Resource
• Supervisory Control
Capacity •UI Calculation •Curtailment coordination Performance Monitor
& Data Acquisition
•STOA •VAR UI • Dispatch Override • Available Margin

Standard Standard Standard

INTEGRATION LAYERS

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Shared & Technology services- Business Function

Data Analysis Data

Management Security Generic
& Presentation Organization
Monitoring Technology
• Business Intelligence • Authentication
•(Business Sub • Customer Data • Data Warehouse • Authorization
Function) Management • Logging • Common Naming
• Reporting •Policy
• User Data • Monitoring • Data Archive/ • Matrix operation
• Control Room Management
Management • Historian • Rules Engine
Interface • Optimization Engine
•Visualization
• (Abstract Component)

LD&C_SCADA
IEC Common Information Model (CIM)?
• A Unified Modeling Language (UML) based
information model representing real-
world objects and information entities
exchanged within the value chain of the
electric power industry
• Maintained by IEC in Sparx Enterprise
Architect modeling tools
• Enable integration of
applications/systems
• Provides a common model behind all
messages exchanged between systems
• Basis for defining information exchange
models
 CIMug Access and Inetraction

• UCA International Users Group is a non-profit

organization dedicated to promoting standards
usage and development
• UCAIug: www.ucaiug.org
MANY
• Member groups have individual sites: SITES -
• CIMug: www.cimug.org ONE
• IEC TC57: www.iectc57.org LOGIN
• IEC 61850: www.iec61850ug.org
• Open Smart Grid: www.opensmartgrid.org
(These are the simplest URLs – bookmark and share
them.)
 Security at SRLDC
• System set up: All Boxes with JUKE
BOX

POWER Host IDS SCADA /EMS

SERVER
ISR
SERVER
DTS *
WORKSTATION DEVELOPMENT
CONSOLE
(Only at RLDC)WITH TWO CRT SERVER- PDS
ICCP
COMMUNICATION

GRID
SERVER

Srldc.in Router TIME SYNCH FRO

NMS

SSH
SYSTEM M TERMINAL SERVER
CONSOLE

NSA
GPS

DUAL CFE

DMZ ZONE
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
PERIPHERALS ROUTER

Encryp
FRONT END FRONT END

2400 UTM PROCESSOR PROCESSOR

SPLITTER

web & e-
1 SLDC/ Sub LDC

ted
MODEM
VIDEO PROJECTION
SYSTEM

Bharti- mail server

TO RTUs

login
internet
CISCO 1721
POWERGRID
LL Virus Wall intranet
and
Srldc.org (RH)
Proxy cent
OS

All functions (SCADA/WEB/E-mail ) are to be run on redundant server

•Backup RLDC
Back -up for data/image/configuration:
• On Network shared drives/CD/DAT/DVD/TAPES
• Off site storage
• Fire proof cabinets for critical software: edge infrastructure servers
images
 Existing LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

If Upgraded SRLDC-
AIX 4.3.2 to 6.1
? upgradeable
Work

               
station
REDUNDANT
NETWORK REDUNDANT
New UI
MANAGEMENT Application
SERVERS Servers Req Ports, Memory,
Application -
PRINTING// To be upgraded
SCADA/EMS LAN 1 interface
DEVICES

SCADA/EMS LAN 2
Exist SCADA/EMS

Interfacing new products with an obsolete system…

Integrated Web
Zone Metering Open Access
Scheduling
Zone Zone
Zone

Add Ons ULDC System

LD&C_SCADA
 What we need…………..

New Technology Vendor

(61850, 61970, Plug n Play Independenc
OPC) Facility- e- CIM
CIM

Solution for
Renewable
High Speed Bus/ Energy
Enterprise Bus- Integration
SOA IP based
Architectur
e
Provision for
PMU data
Built-In-Security Integration-
- System Smart grid
Resistant to
cyber attacks
 Replacement- Mission Critical LDCs
Creation of
Backup CC
circumventing this
challenge
Infrastructur
e Issues

REDUNDANT REDUNDANT
Down Time
Meticulous REDUNDANT
               
REDUNDANT
ICCP/EMC/
NETWORK ICCP/EMC/ Planning NETWORK
APPLICATION MANAGEMENT APPLICATION
MANAGEMENT SERVERS
SERVERS SERVERS SERVERS
PRINTING PRINTING
DEVICES DEVICES

SCADA/EMS LAN 1 SCADA/EMS LAN 1

Support
from
Existing
SCADA/EMS LAN 2 SCADA/EMS LAN 2
Vendor
VIDEO
WEB/ Metering/
PROJECTION VIDEO Scheduling/
SYSTEM PROJECTION
SYSTEM Open Access
Firewall
modification
From Existing of ICCP To Futuristic
system
SCADA/EMS SCADA/EMS

LD&C_SCADA