HEALTH

Burn

– It is an injury involving the skin,

including muscles, bones, nerves and
blood vessels.
Common Causes

• Carelessness with match and cigarette smoking

• Scald from hot liquid
• Defective heating, cooking and electrical
equipment
• Use of chemicals, as lye, strong acids and strong
detergents
Types of Burns

1. Thermal Burn- Not all thermal burns are

caused by flames. Contact with hot objects,
flammable vapor that ignites and causes a flash
or an explosion.
Types of Burns

2. Chemical Burn- chemicals will continue to

cause tissue destruction until chemical agent is
removed.
Types of Burns

3. Electrical Burn- the injury severity from

exposure to electrical current depends on the
type of current, the voltage, the area of the
body exposed and the duration of contact.
Bandage

– It is any material that is used to hold a

dressing (A dressing is sterile piece of cloth
placed directly over the wound) or compress
in place, to prevent infection of a wound to
apply pressure to control bleeding or to
support broken bones when used as a sling.
Bone, Joint and Muscle Injuries

1. Muscle cramps- is sudden, painful tightening of a muscle.

2. Strain- is a sudden, painful tearing of muscle fiber during exertion. When a muscle
or tendon is over-stretched or forcefully shortened, it can result in a stretch or tear
injury.
PRICE (Protect Rest Ice Compression Elevation)
3. Sprain- is caused by torn fibers in a ligament.
First degree- results in a stretched ligament
Second degree- results in a partly torn ligament
Third degree- results in a completely torn ligament
Bone, Joint and Muscle Injuries

4. Disclocation- is the displacement of a bone from its normal

position.
5. Fracture- is a break or disruption in bone tissue.
Open fracture- is characterized by the broken skin and you can see
the wound or cuts
Close fracture- has no broken skins and the bleeding is inside.
Signs and Symptoms

– Pain and tenderness – Shock

– Loss of function – Crepitus
– Wound – Swelling and bruising
– Deformity
– Unnatural movement
Shock- It is a depressed condition of many body functions due to
the failure of enough blood to circulate throughout the body following
serious injury.

Basic Causes of Shock

Pump Failure- poor pump function occurs when
disease or injury damages the heart
Hypovolemia- blood or fluid loss from blood vessels
decreases blood volume.
Relative Hypovolemia- the blood vessels can dilate
enough that the blood within them, even though it is of
normal volume, still inadequate for the system
Dangers of Shock

• Lead to death
• Predisposes body to infection
• Lead to loss of body part
Factors contribute to Shock

– P- Pain
– R- Rough handling
– I- Improper transfer
– C- Continuous bleeding
– E- Exposure to extreme cold or heat
– F- Fatigue
Poison- is any substance solid, liquid or gas, that tends to
impair health or cause death when introduced into the body
or into the skin surface

WAYS IN WHICH POISONING MAY OCCUR

INGESTION- by mouth
INHALATION- by breathing
INJECTION- by animal bites, sting or syringe
ABSORPTION- by skin contact
ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
Stroke- it is a condition that occurs when the blood
flow to the brain is interrupted long enough to cause
damage.

Causes (Some examples)

• Ruptured artery in the brain
• Change of mood
• Loss of bowel and bladder control
Heat stroke or Sun Stroke- a response to heat characterized by
extremely high body temperature and disturbance of sweating
mechanism
Diabetes- is a condition that effects
the way the body uses food.
Seizure- is a sudden involuntary muscle contraction,
usually due to uncontrolled electrical activity in the
brain.
Fever- is defined as a body temperature above
37degrees Celsius measured in mouth, or 37.7
measured in rectum.
Headache- may accompany any illness.
Abdominal Pain and Vomiting and Diarrhea-
are most likely caused by food poisoning,
contaminated water, allergy or unusual/exotic
food.
Thank you for Listening!