• Final Year Presentation

• SUPERVISOR: CO-SUPERVISOR:
ENGR. MUHAMMAD ATIF KAIM-KHANI ENGR: INTIZAR ALI TUNIO

PRESENTED BY:
HAMZA ALI LANGAH (Group Leader) (18ME76)
INAYATULLAH SANGI (18ME147)
SAFDAR ZAMAN QAZI (18ME154)
TITLE
• FABRICATION AND EXPERIMETAL
STUDY OF ARCHEMEDIAN SCREW
TURBINE USING ULTRA-LOW HEAD
TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY BY
VARYING: INCLINATION AND BY
CONTROLLING THE WATER LOSSES
 INDEX
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Problem Statement
 Objectives
 Methodology
 Objectives Achieved
 References
 INTRODUCTION
• Water energy is most significant for sustainable future because it is a clean, cheap and
environmental friendly source of power generation.
• Renewable energy getting too much attraction these days due to environment friendly and
doesn’t have any kind of negative effect on surroundings , one of the examples of renewable
energy is HYDRO-POWER and also known as Green energy. Screw turbine is just basically
like screw and cylindrical type place at some angle of inclination. In hydro-power different
turbines are being used these days. This presentation is on the study of Archimedean Screw
Turbine, which can be used on ultra-low head of available water for small power generation in
Remote areas.
 INTRODUCTION
• Archimedean screw turbine  is a hydraulic machine that convert the potential energy of water on
an upstream level into work.
• Archimedean Screw Turbine also known as Archimedes Screw Generator, used to generate the
electricity. It consists of a rotor in the shape of an Archimedean screw which rotates in a
semicircular trough. Water flows from high elevation into the screw(turbine) and applied the
force due to its weight on to the blades of the turbine, which in turn forces the turbine to turn.
Water flows freely off the end of the screw into the river. The upper end of the screw is
connected to a generator.
 INTRODUCTION
• Hydroelectric power is generated with moving water. The kinetic energy of water that is wasted
during the flow to consume energy, install an hydroelectric power generating system in the
form of screw turbine that produces electric power.
• Here, Water comes from water tubewell that strikes with some force with the helical blades, In
resulting due to rotation of screw the electromagnetic field is induced between the transformers
and magnets, the electricity generates.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• Some researches already done about Archimedean screw. At first, Archimedean screw is used
as a pump to raise water for irrigation and drainage [2].

• Researches concerning to this area are Archimedean screw has also found a new application
operating in reverse as an energy converter for low head differences [3]

• In 1999, Brada utilized Archimedes screw for generated electricity.

• In the year 2000, in Europe, the research was started on screw Turbine and used as pump to
throw water from lower head to upper head.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• Then in 2004 and 2005 further research was done on Archemedian Screw Turbine and used as
turbine by flowing water from high head to low head to rotate it in United Kingdom [1]

• In 2009 Muller and Senior created a simplified model for Archimedes screw turbine and
presented a simple two-dimensional theory of the Archimedes screw. They assumed the
hydrostatic pressure creates torque and causes the screw rotation.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• In 2013 Nurenberg and C. Rorres derived analytical model for water inflow of Archimedes
screw turbine to get the optimal value of the inflow parameters.

• In 1827, French engineer Benoit Fourneyron developed a turbine capable of producing around
6 horsepower the earliest version of the reaction turbine.

• In 1849, British American engineer James Francis developed the first modern water turbine, the
Francis turbine which remains the most widely used water turbine in the world today.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
• In many territories, still there is lack of electricity specially in rural areas. Application
screw turbine as pico(5kw power) or micro hydro power generation will solve that
problem and it can increase electricity ratio around any country. This paper highlights
the development of screw turbine and present the fabrication and experimental
performance of screw turbine for ultra-low head water resource.
 OBJECTIVES
• Fabrication of Archemedian Screw Turbine.
• Experimental review of hydro power generating system (Controlling
water losses and )Inclination of turbine.
 METHODOLOGY:

In this presentation the working of Screw Turbine is defined as follows:

• In this experiment, the screw turbine consists of a cylindrical shaft wrapped with helical
blade (N=1) orthogonally, fastened with glue and covered with cylindrical casing
• Water enters from the inlet of the Screw Turbine and cause the rotation by hitting the
blades of the turbine and flows down to outlet due to inclination & gravity force.
• The rotation caused by the water rotates the shaft.
• The shaft connected to the generator.
• Rotor of the generator connected with the moving shaft due to its rotation of the rotor the
electric current will be produced.
 METHODOLOGY:
• To increase the efficiency varying different parameters(INCLINATION AND
BY CONTROLLING THE WATER LOSSES)
• Change in inclination will effect on the RPM and torque, in resulting the power
will be increased as well as the efficiency will be increased.
• The diameter of the shaft and screw, and material will be taken accordingly.
 TABLE OF SCREW TURBINE PARAMETERS
Parameter Variable Value

Slope Β 45o, 60o

Outer diameter Do 142mm

Inner diameter Di 32 mm

Pitch P 54 mm

Number of screw N 1

Gap width Gw 5 mm

Screw length L 646 mm

Flow rate Q +

Casing diameter Dt 147 mm

 POWER
• Pw= ρgQh
• In which ρ is the density of water, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2), h is
the available head of water source (m) and Q is the volumetric water flow rate (m3/s).
• Ps=T=
• The mechanical power Ps available at the turbine shaft can be determined by
measuring the torque T at a corresponding angular speed ω. The torque is found by
measuring the tangential force.
 EFFICIENCY

• The mechanical efficiency of the turbine shows how effectively the

available kinetic energy of the water is transformed into turbine motion
and it becomes
 REFERENCES:

• Nuramal, Agus, et al. "Experimental study of screw turbine performance based on different angle of
inclination." Energy Procedia 110 (2017): 8-13[1]
• Rorres, C. (2000).The turn of the screw: Optimal design of an Archimedes screw. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.
80, 72-80. [2]
• Hellman, H. D. (2003).Gutachten zur wirkungsgradbestimmung einer wasserkraftsshnecke fabrikat Ritz-Atro
[Report on determination of hydraulic screw efficiency manufactured by Ritz-Atro Ltd.] Fachbereich maschinenbau
und verfahren stechnik, Technical University, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
[(http://www.ritzatro.de/2006/downloads/Wasserkraft_GB.pdf) [in German] [3]
• Lyons, Murray, and William David Lubitz. "Archimedes screws for microhydro power generation." Energy
Sustainability. Vol. 55515. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013.[4]