Objectives:

• Understand the 3 components of fire.

• Enumerate different classification of fire.

• List types of fire extinguishers and explain why it is

important to use different fire extinguishers for different
fire.

• Explain 4 steps you should take when you see a fire, and
describe why it is important to follow these steps.

• Explain basic fire fighting concept: PASS

• Evacuation of parking areas

Understanding Fire:

EN

HE
YG

AT
OX

FUEL
For a fire to occur, three things are necessary:
OXYGEN, which is in ample supply all around us, in the air we breathe;
HEAT, for example a spark. This must be hot enough to cause ignition; 
FUEL, which can be a solid, a liquid or a gas.  
Once there is a heat source to cause ignition and a sufficient amount of fuel and
oxygen present the fire will continue to burn. As the fire burns, large amounts
of heat are produced. Heat always flows from regions of high temperature to
regions of low temperature. This transfer of heat causes the fire to grow and
to spread to other areas.
Fire Classes:

Class A Class D
Fires involving metals. It is very
Fires involving all solid materials,
unlikely that fires of this kind will
usually organic in origin (contains
be encountered at a hotel and
compounds of carbon) and
they are not addressed in this
generally producing glowing
Guidance Note.
embers. For example:
   Wood, Textiles,Furniture, Plastics

Class B
Class F
Fires involving all flammable liquids,
This is a new class of
and solids that turn into liquids, that can
fire, specifically dealing
be sub-divided into:
with high temperature
       Miscible with water, for example:
cooking oils (over
·         Petrol
3600C).
·         Paint
  Non-miscible with water, for example:
Alcohol

Electrical
Class C Electrical fires are not
Fires involving natural gas or considered to constitute a fire
liquefied petroleum gas. For class of their own, as electricity
example: is a source of ignition that will
Propane feed the fire until it is removed.
Butane When the electrical supply has
been isolated, the fire can be
treated as another class of fire,
generally Class A,
3 Extinguishing
Methods
 Extinguishing Methods:

Three principal methods are:

STARVING- removing the fuel (burning material)

SMOTHERING- removing the air (oxygen) many fire extinguishers do

this by smothering the fire in a foam, powder or gas. Fire blankets and sand
work on the same principal.

COOLING- removing the heat by cooling down the burning materials -

water hose and sprinklers do this.
Fire Extinguishers
 Fire Extinguisher Anatomy:

PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO2
extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING

AND SEAL HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
P.A.S.S. Method

Pull the pin

This will allow you to

squeeze the handle in order
to discharge the
extinguisher
P.A.S.S. Method

Aim at the base of

the fire

• Aiming at the middle of

the fire will not help.
• The agent (powder) will
pass through the fire/
flames.
P.A.S.S. Method

Squeeze the
handle

This will release the

pressurized agent
(powder) in the fire
extinguisher
P.A. S.S. Method

Sweep side to side

• Cover the entire area that
is on fire.
• Continue until fire is
extinguished.
• Keep an eye on the area
for re-lighting.
 Fighting Fire

P Pull the pin

Aim low at the

A base of flames
Squeeze the
S handle

S Sweep side to side

 Fire Extinguisher Applications:

USING CARBON DIOXIDE

Primary use: Secondary use:

Fires involving Small flammable liquid fires
electricity

General instruction for use:

Read the instructions on the side of the extinguisher to ensure the correct one has been selected
      1. Ensure that you are positioned between the fire and the escape route
      2. Pull out the safety pin firmly (this will be secured by an anti-tamper device)
      3. Apply to the base of the fire in short bursts, keeping clear of smoke
      4  If the fire is not out by the time the extinguisher is empty, leave, closing all doors.

Safety:
1.Always read the instruction before use.
2. Only hold carbon dioxide extinguishers by the handle because of possible freezing due to dry ice on the horn and base.

 
Copyright 2004 InterContinental Hotels Group. All rights Reserved. Most hotels are independently owed and/or operated.
 Fire Extinguisher Applications:

USING DRY POWDER EXTINGUISHER

Primary use:

Fires involving solid materials, usually organic, Fires involving flammable gases,
such as wood or plastic such as propane and butane

Fires involving flammable liquids,

such as paint or alcohol Fires involving electricity

General instruction for use:

Read the instructions on the side of the extinguisher to ensure the correct one has been selected
      1. Ensure that you are positioned between the fire and the escape route
      2. Pull out the safety pin firmly (this will be secured by an anti-tamper device)
      3. Apply to the base of the fire in short bursts, keeping clear of smoke
      4  If the fire is not out by the time the extinguisher is empty, leave, closing all doors

Safety:
Always read the instruction before use.
Use in a confined space can impair breathing

Copyright 2004 InterContinental Hotels Group. All rights Reserved. Most hotels are independently owed and/or operated.
Fire Extinguisher Applications:

USING FIRE HOSE REELS:

The large fire hose reels located in multi-story buildings are to be used by building occupants to fight fire, especially when they are trapped
and cannot escape to an emergency EXIT.
The fire hoses are connected to the mains water supply and extend for about 30 feet. Some fire hose reels are located in cabinets whilst
others are visible on the wall in a hall or corridor. The will always have appropriate signage indicating their location.

Primary Use:
Fires involving solid materials, usually organic,
such as wood or plastic

Operation:
1.Ensure the nozzle or jet is in the closed position
1.Turn on the main valve (some will not let the nozzle out until this is done)
2.Pull the hose off the drum, towards the fire.
3.Open the nozzle or valve and direct the stream of water at the fire.

Safety:
1. Never use fire hose reel to an electric, class B and F fire.
2. Never use by untrained personnel due to high water
pressure.

Copyright 2004 InterContinental Hotels Group. All rights Reserved. Most hotels are independently owed and/or operated.
Fire Extinguishers and Detectors:

FM200 System

Fire Blanket Gas Detector

Fire Extinguishers and Detectors:

Smoke Detectors Break Glass Station Fire Hose Reel

(Manual Call Point)

IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER

If you hear an alarm

DO NOT assume it is a drill,
your life may depend on it!
FIRE EMERGENCY RESPONSE

R Rescue

A Alarm

C Contain

E Extinguish
 What should you do…?
In an event of fire:

• STEP 1 : IMMEDIATELY activate the nearest

alarm (break-glass station)
• STEP 2 : Call the telephone operator
• STEP 3 : Fight the fire (if you know how to
handle the extinguisher)
• STEP 4 : Wait for assistance
 How to make a decision?
• Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes.

• Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them.

• Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.

• Avoid smoky conditions.

• Ensure area is evacuated.

• Don’t attempt to fight unless:

– Alarm is sounded.
– Fire is small and contained.
contained
– You have safe egress route (can be reached without exposure to fire).
– Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire.

• If in doubt, evacuate!
 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Building Evacuation…..
• Proceed to nearest exit in an orderly
fashion

• Provide emergency crews (CRT- Team)

with information about people still in the
building
 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Building Evacuation…..

• Do not panic, be calm & assist Guests to leave

room in an orderly manner through the nearest
Emergency exit

• Direct all Hotel Guests/Staff to the Emergency

Assembly point which is away from the building
• Assembly Point for Guests : according to situation
• Assembly Point for Colleagues : front of cafeteria
! Evacuation
On hearing alarm

DO NOT PANIC

Alarm bell is the Evacuation

.message
Every alarm to be treated as a real
.emergency
Delayed reactions or evacuation
can be hazardous and may lead to
serious results
BREAK
GLASS
EM
E
AL RG
AR EN
AM CY
 1st Beside Electrical Room
Upon hearing the alarm

Turn off all electrical appliances - television, audio /

video player, computer, hot plate, washing
machine, fridge … etc. ( Quickest way is to remove
the plugs )
.Turn off lights and air conditioner
Alert your colleagues in your apartment
.Close the doors behind you
Walk towards the nearest stairway in an orderly
.manner
”DO NOT USE ELEVATORS DURING AN EMERGENCY“
After the “All Clear”
is given
Return to the building in an orderly manner

Do not discuss the evacuation with any

“external” parties such as the press or outsiders

Do not participate in any “gossip” that may arise

If you have any queries please approach the H.R.

representative in-charge of the building
What questions do
you have?
THANK YOU